Edwin Bret Hart

Edwin Bret Hart (25. detsember 1874 Sandusky, Ohio, USA – 12. märts 1953) oli ameerika biokeemik ja toitumisteadlane.

Haridustee ja karjäär

Edwin Hart lõpetas 1892. aastal Sandusky gümnaasiumi, misjärel õppis Michigani Ülikoolis keemiat ja meditsiini. Üliõpilasena töötas ta professor E. D. Campelli (kes kaotas laboris toimunud plahvatuse tõttu nägemise) assistendina. Ülikooli lõpetas Hart 1897. aastal.

1897. aastal asus Hart tööle Ontario maakonnas Genevas asuvas Cornelli Ülikoolile kuuluvas New Yorgi Põllumajanduse Eksperimentaaljaamas, kus ta töötas kuni 1906. aastani. Vahepeal täiendas Hart end keemia alal Marburgi ülikoolis ja aasta hiljem ka Heidelbergi ülikoolis professor Albrecht Kosseli juures.

1906. aastast töötas Edwin Hart Wisconsini ülikooli põllumajanduskeemia osakonna juhina ja ka keemikuna ülikooli katsejaamas.

Teadus

Aastail 1907–1911 juhatas Hart ülikoolis niinimetatud single-grain experiment eksperimenti, mille käigus katsetati süsivesikute, rasvade ja valkude keemiliselt tasakaalustatud söödadieeti ja uuriti selle võimalikke seoseid katseloomade heaolu, tervisega ja eluga. Harti abistasid eksperimendi läbiviimisel Steven M. Babcock, George C. Humphrey ja Elmer Verner McCollum.

Harti uurimistööd ja eksperimendid Wisconsini ülikoolis käsitlesid katseloomade, sealhulgas sigade, koerte ja hiirte mitmesuguseid toitumisalaseid uuringuid ja hõlmasid mineraalide, vitamiinide ja muude orgaaniliste toitainetega seotud metabolismi, aga ka haiguslikke seisundeid ja nende ravimeetodite väljatöötamist.

1920. aastatel avastas Hart rottidega tehtud uuringutes, et raua imendumiseks organismis ja selleks, et organism suudaks hemoglobiini komplekteerida, on toitainetes (ka toidus) lisaks rauale väga väikeses koguses vaja ka vaske ja koobaltit.

Isiklikku

Edwin Hart abiellus 1903. aastal Annie Virginia DeMille'iga. Peres oli üks laps.

Publikatsioonid

• koos E.D.Campelliga, On the Quantitative determiation of Hydrogen by Means of Palladous Chloride
• koos Lucius Lincoln Van Slykei ja Harry Alexis Hardinguga,A study of enzymes in cheese,[1] New York Agricultural Experiment Station, (1901)
• koos Lucius Lincoln Van Slykeiga,A study of some of the salts formed by casein and paracasein with acids: their relations to American cheddar cheese, New York Agricultural Experiment Station, (1902)
• koos Lucius Lincoln Van Slykeiga, Some of the compounds present in American cheddar cheese, New York Agricultural Experiment Station, (1902)
• koos W.H. Andrews`iga, The status of phosphorus in certain food materials and animal by-products, with special reference to inorganic forms, Geneva, N.Y.,New York Agricultural Experiment Station, (1903)
• koos Lucius Lincoln Van Slykei ja Harry Alexis Hardinguga,Rennet-enzyme as a factor in cheese-ripening, New York Agricultural Experiment Station, (1903)
• koos Lucius Lincoln Van Slykeiga, Chemical changes in the souring of milk and their relations to cottage cheese,New York Agricultural Experiment Station, (1904)
• koos Lucius Lincoln Van Slykeiga, Some of the relations of casein and paracasein to bases and acids, and their application to cheddar cheese, New York Agricultural Experiment Station, (1905)
• koos Lucius Lincoln Van Slykeiga,The proteids of butter in relation to mottled butter, New York Agricultural Experiment Station, (1905)
• A simple test for casein in milk and its relation to the dairy industry, Madison, Wis., University of Wisconsin, Agricultural Experiment Station, (1907)
• koos E.V.McCollumiga, The Occurence of a Phytin-Splitting Enzyme in Animal Tissues, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 4,497–500, (1908)
• koos E.V. McCollumi ja J.G. Fulleriga, The role of inorganic phosphorus in the nutrition of animals, Madison, Wis. The University of Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station, (1909)
• koos E.V. McCollumi ja G.C. Humphreyga,The role of the ash constituents of wheat bran in the metabolism of herbivora, Madison, Wis, The University of Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station, (1909)
• koos William Edward Tottinghamiga, The nature of the acid-soluble phosphorus compounds of some important feeding materials, Madison, Wis. The University of Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station, (1910)
• koos Tottingham, William Edwardiga, General agricultural chemistry, Madison, Wis. State Journal Printing Company, DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.29304, (1910)
• koos W.H. Petersoniga, Sulphur requirements of farm crops in relation to the soil and air supply, Madison, Wis. The University of Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station, (1911)
• Getting the Most Profit from Farm Manure, (1912)
• koos Louis Kahlenbergiga,Chemistry and Its Relations to Daily Life: A Textbook for Students of Agriculture and Home Economics in Secondary Schools,The Macmillan company, (1913)
• koos H. Steenbocki and V. E.Nelsoniga,Acidosis in Omnivora and Herbivora and Its Relation to Protein Storage., Univ. Wis'.Agri. Exp. Sta. Res. Bull. 36: 1. (1914)
• koos W. S. Miller ja E. V.McCollumiga,Further Studies on the Nutritive Deficiencies of Wheat and Grain Mixtures and the Pathological Conditions Produced in Swine by Their Use., Jour. Biol. Chem. 25 : 239 (1916)
• koos H. Steenbockiga, Milk necessary for the nation's welfare.[2] Madison, Agricultural Experiment Station of the University of Wisconsin, (1918)
• koos H. Steenbocki and G.C. Humphreyga. Influence of rations restricted to the oat plant on reproduction in cattle, Madison, Wis. : Agricultural Experiment Station of the University of Wisconsin, (1920)
• koos J. G. Halpini ja H. Steenbockiga, A Study of Leg Weakness in Chickens. Jour. Biol. Chem. 43: 421. (1920)
• koos, H. Steenbocki ja C. A. Hoppertiga, DIETARY FACTORS INFLUENCING CALCIUM ASSIMILATION: I. THE COMPARATIVE INFLUENCE OF GREEN AND DRIED PLANT TISSUE, CABBAGE, ORANGE JUICE, AND COD LIVER OIL ON CALCIUM ASSIMILATION, J. Biol. Chem. 48:33–50, (1921)
• koos Conrad Arnold Elvehjemi ja H. Steenbockiga,Dietary factors influencing calcium assimilation. V. The effect of light upon calcium and phosphorus equilibrium in mature lactating animals.,[3] J. Biol. Chem., 62:117, (1924)
• koos J. Waddelli, Conrad Arnold Elvehjemi, H. Steenbocki, Evelin Van Donki ja Blanche M. Riisinguga, Iron in Nutrition. VI. IRON SALTS AND IRON-CONTAINING ASH EXTRACTS IN THE CORRECTION OF ANEMIA, J. Biol. Chem. , 77:777–795. (1928)
• koos J. Waddelli, H. Steenbocki, Conrad Arnold Elvehjemi ja E. Van Donkiga, IRON IN NUTRITION : IX. FURTHER PROOF THAT THE ANEMIA PRODUCED ON DIETS OF WHOLE MILK AND IRON IS DUE TO A DEFICIENCY OF COPPER, J. Biol. Chem.,83:251–260. (1929)
• koos KLINE, O. L., J. A. Keenani ja C.A. Elvehjemiga, "The use of the chick in vitamin Bj and B, studies.", J. Biol. Chem., vol. 99, (1932)
• koos P. H. Phillipsiga, The effect of organic dietary constituents upon chronic fluorine toxicosis in the rat., J. Biol. Chem., vol. 109, (1935)
• koos G.O.Kohleri ja Conrad A. Elvehjemiga, Growth Stimulating Properties of Grass Juice. Science 83: 445. (1936)
• koos A. Arnoldiga, Interrelationships of vitamins., Nature, vol. 137, (1936)
• koos O. L. Klinei, H. B. Birdi ja Conrad A. Elvehjemiga, An improved synthetic ration for vitamin B4 studies., J. Nutrition, vol. 11, (1936)
• koos G. O. Kohleri ja C.A. Elvehjemiga, The relation of the 'Grass Juice Factor' to quinea pig Nutrition.[4] Jornal of Nutrition 15: 445.(1938)
• koos Douglas V. Frosti ja C.A. Elvehjemiga, IRON UTILIZATION IN DOGS ON MILK DIETS, The Journal of Nutrition, Vol 19, No 4, (1940)
• ...

Välislingid

• Conrad Arnold Elvehjem, Edwin Bret Hart, 1874—1953, A Biographical Memoir, National Academy of Sciences, Washington D.C., 1954, Veebiversioon (vaadatud 20.07.2013) (inglise keeles) (vaadatud 20.07.2013)'', veebiversioon (vaadatud 20.07.2013)'