Lääne-Xia

	Suur-Xia 大夏 1038–1227
Valitsusvorm	Monarhia
Keiser	Jingzong ; (esimene, 1038–1048) ; Mo ; (viimane, 1226–1227)
Pealinn	Xingqing ; (tänapäeva Yinchuan)
Religioon	Budism (peamiselt) ; Taoism ; Konfutsianism ; Hiina rahvausund
Pindala	1 000 000 km2 (1100)
Rahvaarv	3 000 000 (tipus)
Peamised keeled	Tanguudi ; Hiina
Dingnan Jiedushi ; Xiliangfu ; Guiyi ahel ; Ganzhou Uiguuri Kuningriik ; Liao ; Song	Mongolite riik

Lääne-Xia (ehk Xi Xia (hiina keeles 西夏, Xī Xià); ametlikult Suur-Xia (hiina keeles 大夏, Dà Xià); ka Tanguudide riik) oli tanguudide keisririik ja dünastia aastatel 1038–1227.^[5] See asus tänapäevases Loode-Hiinas Ningxia, Gansu, Ida-Qinghai, Põhja-Shaanxi, Kirde-Xinjiangi ja Sise-Mongoolia edelaosa aladel ning Välis-Mongoolias. Riigi pindala oli ligi 800 000 ruutkilomeetrit ning pealinn Xingqing (tänapäeva Yinchuan), mis 1227. aastal mongolite poolt hävitati.^[6]^[7]^[8] Kuna mongolite sissetungiga kadusid peaaegu kõik Lääne-Xia kirjalikud andmed ja ehitised, oli riigi ajalugu 20. sajandini ajaloolaste jaoks mõistatuslik.

Lääne-Xia asukoht Hexi koridoris oli soodne, kuna läbi riigi läks Kesk-Aasiasse Siiditee. Kirjandus, kunst, muusika ja arhitektuur olid kõrgelt arenenud.^[9] Tänu efektiivsele sõjaväele olid tanguudid Liao, Songi ja Jini dünastiate kõrval Hiinas arvestatav jõud.^[10]

Vaata kaRedigeeri

ViitedRedigeeri

↑ Turchin, Peter; Adams, Jonathan M.; Hall, Thomas D. (detsember 2006). "East-West Orientation of Historical Empires". Journal of World-Systems Research. 12 (2): 222. ISSN 1076-156X. Vaadatud 16. september 2016.
↑ Kuhn, Dieter (15. oktoober 2011). The Age of Confucian Rule: The Song Transformation of China. Lk 50. ISBN 9780674062023.
↑ Bowman, Rocco (2014). "Bounded Empires: Ecological and Geographic Implications in Sino- Tangut Relations, 960-1127" (PDF). The Undergraduate Historical Journal at UC Merced. 2: 11. DOI:10.5070/H321025689.
↑ McGrath, Michael C. Frustrated Empires: The Song-Tangut Xia War of 1038-44. In Wyatt. Lk 153.
↑ Stein (1972), pp. 70–71.
↑ Wang, Tianshun [王天顺] (1993). Xixia Zhan Shi [The Battle History of Western Xia] 《西夏战史》. Yinchuan [银川], Ningxia ren min chu ban she [Ningxia People's Press] 宁夏人民出版社.
↑ Bian, Ren [边人] (2005). Xixia: xiaoshi zai lishi jiyi zhong de guodu [Western Xia: the kingdom lost in historical memories] 《西夏: 消逝在历史记忆中的国度》. Beijing [北京], Waiwen Chubanshe [Foreign Languages Press] 外文出版社.
↑ Li, Fanwen [李范文] (2005). Xixia tong shi [Comprehensive History of Western Xia] 西夏通史. Beijing [北京] and Yinchuan [银川], Ren min chu ban she [People's Press] 人民出版社; Ningxia ren min chu ban she [Ningxia People's Press] 宁夏人民出版社.
↑ Zhao, Yanlong [赵彦龙] (2005). "Qian tan xi xia gong wen wen feng yu gong wen zai ti [A brief discussion on the writing style in official documents and documental carrier] 浅谈西夏公文文风与公文载体." Xibei min zu yan jiu [Northwest Nationalities Research] 西北民族研究 45(2): 78-84.
↑ Qin, Wenzhong [秦文忠], Zhou Haitao [周海涛] and Qin Ling [秦岭] (1998). "Xixia jun shi ti yu yu ke xue ji shu [The military sports, science and technology of West Xia] 西夏军事体育与科学技术." Ningxia Daxue Xuebao [Journal of Ningxia University] 《宁夏大学学报》 79 (2): 48-50.

[Turchin222-1] Turchin, Peter; Adams, Jonathan M.; Hall, Thomas D. (detsember 2006). "East-West Orientation of Historical Empires". Journal of World-Systems Research. 12 (2): 222. ISSN 1076-156X. Vaadatud 16. september 2016.

[2] Kuhn, Dieter (15. oktoober 2011). The Age of Confucian Rule: The Song Transformation of China. Lk 50. ISBN 9780674062023.

[3] Bowman, Rocco (2014). "Bounded Empires: Ecological and Geographic Implications in Sino- Tangut Relations, 960-1127" (PDF). The Undergraduate Historical Journal at UC Merced. 2: 11. DOI:10.5070/H321025689.

[4] McGrath, Michael C. Frustrated Empires: The Song-Tangut Xia War of 1038-44. In Wyatt. Lk 153.

[Stein_1972,_pp._70–71-5] Stein (1972), pp. 70–71.

[6] Wang, Tianshun [王天顺] (1993). Xixia Zhan Shi [The Battle History of Western Xia] 《西夏战史》. Yinchuan [银川], Ningxia ren min chu ban she [Ningxia People's Press] 宁夏人民出版社.

[7] Bian, Ren [边人] (2005). Xixia: xiaoshi zai lishi jiyi zhong de guodu [Western Xia: the kingdom lost in historical memories] 《西夏: 消逝在历史记忆中的国度》. Beijing [北京], Waiwen Chubanshe [Foreign Languages Press] 外文出版社.

[8] Li, Fanwen [李范文] (2005). Xixia tong shi [Comprehensive History of Western Xia] 西夏通史. Beijing [北京] and Yinchuan [银川], Ren min chu ban she [People's Press] 人民出版社; Ningxia ren min chu ban she [Ningxia People's Press] 宁夏人民出版社.

[9] Zhao, Yanlong [赵彦龙] (2005). "Qian tan xi xia gong wen wen feng yu gong wen zai ti [A brief discussion on the writing style in official documents and documental carrier] 浅谈西夏公文文风与公文载体." Xibei min zu yan jiu [Northwest Nationalities Research] 西北民族研究 45(2): 78-84.

[10] Qin, Wenzhong [秦文忠], Zhou Haitao [周海涛] and Qin Ling [秦岭] (1998). "Xixia jun shi ti yu yu ke xue ji shu [The military sports, science and technology of West Xia] 西夏军事体育与科学技术." Ningxia Daxue Xuebao [Journal of Ningxia University] 《宁夏大学学报》 79 (2): 48-50.

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