Penda
Penda (u 606 – 15. november 655) oli Midlandsis asunud Mercia Kuningriigi kuningas. Penda oli anglosaksi kuningriikide ristiusustamise ajal paganaks jäänud ning vallutas aastal 628 Cirencesteri lahinguga Severni oru. Aastal 633 sai ta Hatfield Chase'i lahingus Northumbria kuningalt Edwinilt lüüa.
| Penda | |
|---|---|
 Penda hukkumist kujutav aknavitraaž Worcesteri toomkirikus | |
| Mercia kuningas | |
|
Ametiaeg u 626, 633 või 642 – 655 | |
| Eelnev | Cearl |
| Järgnev | Peada |
| Isikuandmed | |
| Sündinud | u 606 |
| Surnud |
15. november 655 (48–49-aastasena) |
| Vanemad | Pybba (isa) |
| Lapsed |
Peada Wulfhere Æthelred Merewalh |
| Sugulased | Iclingad |
Üheksa aastat hiljem alistas ja tappis ta Maserfieldi lahingus Edwini troonipärija Oswaldi. Ta sai seega oma aja mõjukaimaks anglosaksi kuningaks ning pani aluse Mercia ülemvõimu perioodile Seitsme kuningriigi üle. Ta alistas korduvalt ka East Anglia ning saatis Wessexi kuninga Cenwalhi kolmeks aastaks maapakku. Lisaks jätkas ta sõjategevust Northumbria Bernicia vastu. Kolmteist aastat pärast Masterfieldi sai ta viimaks Oswaldi troonipärijalt ja vennalt Oswiult lüüa ning hukkus Winwaedi lahingus Bernicia vastu.
Viited muuda
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- Tyler, Damian (2005) "An Early Mercian Hegemony: Penda and Overkingship in the Seventh Century", in Midland History, Volume XXX, (ed. J. Rohrkasten). Published by the University of Birmingham.
- A. W. Wade-Evans, The Saxones in the "Excidium Britanniæ", The Celtic Review, Vol. 10, No. 40 (June 1916), pp. 322–333.
- Ann Williams, Kingship and Government in Pre-Conquest England (MacMillan Press 1999)
- M. Ziegler, "The Politics of Exile in Early Northumbria", The Heroic Age, Issue 2, Autumn/Winter 1999.