Kahe ülemriigi süsteem: erinevus redaktsioonide vahel

Cavalier-Smith väidab<ref> Cavalier-Smith, T. 2003. The excavate protozoan phyla Metamonada Grassé emend. (Anaeromonadea, Parabasalia, Carpediemonas, Eopharyngia) and Loukozoa emend. (Jakobea, Malawimonas): their evolutionary affinities and new higher taxa. ''International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology'' 53: 1741–1758. [https://web.archive.org/web/20071101092739/http://ijs.sgmjournals.org/cgi/reprint/53/6/1741 pdf] </ref> <ref> Cavalier-Smith, T. 2002b. The phagotrophic origin of eukaryotes and phylogenetic classification of Protozoa. ''International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology'' 52: 297-354. [http://ijs.sgmjournals.org/cgi/reprint/52/2/297?ck=nck pdf]{{Kõdulink|aeg=juuli 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |paranduskatse=jah }}</ref>, et eukarüoodid ja arhed ([[klaad]] ''[[Neomura]]'') pärinevad [[bakter]]ite rühmast [[kiirikulised]] (hõimkonnast ''[[Actinobacteria]]''). Seega bakterite [[domeen (bioloogia)|domeen]] on [[parafüleetiline rühm]]. [[Eukarüoodid]] ja [[arhed]] moodustavad bakterite [[fülogenees]]is ühe haru.