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[[Pilt:James_Clark_Ross.jpg|thumb|Sir James Clark child hit lol dabs epic Ross (John R. Wildman, 1833–34, National Maritime Muuseum, London)]]
[[Sir]] '''James Clark Ross''' ([[15. aprill]] [[1800]] [[London]] – [[3. aprill]] [[1862]] [[Aylesbury]]) oli [[Inglismaa|inglise]] [[maadeavastaja]] ja meresõitja.
[[Kategooria:Surnud 1862]]
[[Kategooria:Polaaruurijad]]
ames Clark Ross
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For other people named James Ross, see James Ross (disambiguation).
This article is about the British naval officer and explorer. For the British Antarctic Survey supply and research ship, see RRS James Clark Ross.
Sir James Clark Ross
FRS
James Clark Ross.jpg
Born 15 April 1800
London, England [HIT CHILD LOL]
Died 3 April 1862 (aged 61)
Aston Abbotts, England
Allegiance United Kingdom
Branch Royal Navy
Service years 1812–1862
Rank Captain
Expeditions Ross expedition
Awards Gold Medal of Exploration
Relations Sir John Ross (uncle)
Sir James Clark Ross FRS (15 April 1800 – 3 April 1862) was a British Royal Navy explorer known for his exploration of the Arctic with Sir William Parry and Sir John Ross, his uncle, and in particular, his own expedition to Antarctica. so guys we did it we reached a 120u1790716 milion subscribers the fact that we have reched this amens nuber show how epic we are XDDDDDDDDDDDDDRDDlolu
Contents
1 Biography
1.1 Arctic exploration
1.2 Antarctic exploration
1.3 Search for Franklin's lost expedition
1.4 Personal life
1.5 In fiction
2 Tributes
3 See also
4 Footnotes
5 Bibliography
6 External links
Biography
Arctic exploration
Ross was born in London, the nephew of Sir John Ross, under whom he entered the navy in 1812, accompanying him on Sir John's first Arctic voyage in search of a Northwest Passage in 1818. Between 1819 and 1827, Ross took part in four Arctic expeditions under Sir William Parry, and in 1829 to 1833, again served under his uncle on Sir John's second Arctic voyage. It was during this trip that a small party led by James Ross (including Thomas Abernethy) located the position of the North Magnetic Pole on 1 June 1831 on the Boothia Peninsula in the far north of Canada. It was on this trip, too, that Ross charted the Beaufort Islands, later renamed Clarence Islands by his uncle.[1][2]
In 1834, Ross was promoted to captain. In December 1835, he offered his services to the Admiralty to resupply 11 whaling ships which had become trapped in Baffin Bay. They accepted his offer, and he set sail in HMS Cove in January 1836. The crossing was difficult, and by the time he had reached the last known position of the whalers in June, all but one had managed to return home. Ross found no trace of this last vessel, William Torr, which was probably crushed in the ice in December 1835.[3] He returned to Hull in September 1836 with all his crew in good health.
From 1835–1839, except for his voyage with Cove, he conducted a magnetic survey of Great Britain with Sir Edward Sabine.[citation needed]
Antarctic exploration
Main article: Ross expedition
Ross expedition in the Antarctic, 1847, by James Wilson Carmichael.
Between 1839 and 1843, Ross commanded HMS Erebus on his own Antarctic expedition and charted much of the continent's coastline. Captain Francis Crozier was second-in-command of the expedition, commanding HMS Terror. Support for the expedition had been arranged by Francis Beaufort, hydrographer of the Navy and a member of several scientific societies. On the expedition was Joseph Dalton Hooker, who had been invited along as assistant ship's surgeon. Erebus and Terror were bomb vessels—an unusual type of warship named after the mortar bombs they were designed to fire and constructed with extremely strong hulls, to withstand the recoil of the mortars, which were to prove of great value in thick ice.[4][5]
In 1841, James Ross discovered the Ross Sea, Victoria Land, and the volcanoes Mount Erebus and Mount Terror, which were named for the expedition's vessels. They sailed for 250 nautical miles (460 km) along the edge of the low, flat-topped ice shelf they called variously the Barrier or the Great Ice Barrier, later named the Ross Ice Shelf in his honour. The following year, he attempted to penetrate south at about 55° W, and explored the eastern side of what is now known as James Ross Island, discovering and naming Snow Hill Island and Seymour Island. Ross reported that Admiralty Sound (which he named Admiralty Inlet) appeared to him to have been blocked by glaciers at its southern end.[6] Ross's ships arrived back in England on 4 September 1843. He was awarded the Grande Médaille d'Or des Explorations in 1843, knighted in 1844, and elected to the Royal Society in 1848.[7]
Search for Franklin's lost expedition
"E.I. 1849": Enterprise and Investigator, inscribed by a crew member of the Ross expedition on Somerset Island, Canada.
In 1848, Ross was sent on one of three expeditions to find Sir John Franklin. The others were the Rae–Richardson Arctic Expedition and the expedition aboard HMS Plover and HMS Herald through the Bering Strait. He was given command of HMS Enterprise, accompanied by HMS Investigator,[8] Because of heavy ice in Baffin Bay he only reached the northeast tip of Somerset Island where he was frozen in at Port Leopold. In the spring he and Sir Francis McClintock explored the west coast of the island by sledge. He recognized Peel Sound but thought it too ice-choked for Franklin to have used it. (In fact Franklin had used it in 1846 when the extent of sea ice had been atypically low.) The next summer he tried to reach Wellington Channel but was blocked by ice and returned to England.[citation needed]
Personal life
He was married to Lady Ann Coulman.[9] He died at Aylesbury in 1862, five years after his wife. A blue plaque marks Ross's home in Eliot Place, Blackheath, London.[10] His closest friend was Francis Crozier, with whom he sailed many times.
He also lived in the ancient House of the Abbots of St. Albans in Buckinghamshire. He is buried with his wife in the local churchyard of St. James the Great, Aston Abbotts. In the gardens of the Abbey there is a lake with two islands, named after the ships Terror and Erebus.[11]
In fiction
Ross, played by British actor Richard Sutton, is a secondary character in the 2018 AMC television series The Terror, portrayed in a fictionalized version of his 1848 search for Franklin's lost expedition, as well as in the 2007 Dan Simmons novel on which the series is based.
Tributes
The Ross seal, one of the four Antarctic phocids, first described during the Ross expedition[12]
The James Ross Strait, Ross Bay, Ross Point, and Rossoya in the Arctic are all named after him.[13]
RRS James Clark Ross is a British Antarctic Survey research ship.[14]
The crater Ross on the Moon is named after him.[15]
Ross's gull, a small gull, the only species in its genus, that breeds in the high arctic of northernmost North America and northeast Siberia[16]
Ross Dependency, Ross Island, Ross Ice Shelf[17] and Ross Sea in the Antarctic are all named after him.[13]
See also
European and American voyages of scientific exploration
Footnotes
Bossi, Maurizio; Vieusseux, G.P. (1984). Notizie di viaggi lontani: l'esplorazione extraeuropea nei periodici del primo Ottocento, 1815–1845. Naples: Guida. ISBN 8870423999.
Woodman, David C. (1991). Unravelling the Franklin disaster: Inuit testimony. McGill-Queen's University Press.
Jones, A.G.E. (1950). "The Voyage of H.M.S. Cove, Captain James Clark Ross, 1835–36". Polar Record. 5 (40): 543–556. doi:10.1017/S0032247400045150. Retrieved 21 April 2012.
"James Clark Ross (1800–1862)". Glasgow Digital Library. Retrieved 26 February 2016.
Ward, P. (2001). "Antarctic expedition, 1839–1843, James Clark Ross".
Ross, James Ross (1847). A Voyage of Discovery and Research in the Southern and Antarctic Regions, During the Years 1839–43. 2. London: John Murray.
Appletons' annual cyclopaedia and register of important events of the year: 1862. New York: D. Appleton & Company. 1863. p. 749.
Mowat, Farley (1973). Ordeal by ice: the search for the Northwest Passage. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart Ltd. p. 250. OCLC 1391959.
U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: James Clark Ross
"Sir James Clark Ross 1800–1862 polar explorer lived here". Open Plaques. Retrieved 28 October 2016.
"History: Sir James Clark Ross". Aston Abbotts. Retrieved 28 October 2016.
Riffenburgh, Beau (2007). Encyclopedia of the Antarctic. Taylor & Francis. p. 815. ISBN 9780415970242.
Ross, Maurice James (1994). Polar Pioneers: John Ross and James Clark Ross. McGill-Queen's Press. ISBN 9780773512344.
"RRS James Clark Ross". British Antarctic Survey. Retrieved 28 October 2016.
"North Magnetic Pole Discovered 1 June 1831". History Channel. Retrieved 21 April 2017.
Rushton, Annabel (9 February 2014). "Who's this Ross character then?". RSPB. Retrieved 28 October 2016.
1) [Bertrand, Kenneth John, et al, ed.] The Geographical Names of Antarctica. Special Publication No. 86. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Board on Geographical Names, May 1947. 2) [Bertrand, Kenneth J. and Fred G. Alberts]. Gazetteer No. 14. Geographic Names of Antarctica. Washington: US Government Printing Office, January 1956.
Bibliography
E.C. Coleman, The Royal Navy in Polar Exploration From Frobisher to Ross (2006). ISBN 0752436600.
Ray Edinger, Fury Beach: The Four-Year Odyssey of Captain John Ross and the Victory (2003). ISBN 0425188450.
External links
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
James Clark Ross
Wikisource-logo.svg "Ross, John (explorer)" . Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. 1900.
Media related to James Clark Ross at Wikimedia Commons
Works by or about James Clark Ross at Internet Archive
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Authority control Edit this at Wikidata
BNF: cb15342303j (data) Botanist: J.C.Ross GND: 119384523 ISNI: 0000 0000 8125 8361 LCCN: n50046289 NKC: pna2012688414 NLA: 35463341 SNAC: w63n34tv SUDOC: 057689202 VIAF: 295803503 WorldCat Identities (via VIAF): 295803503
Categories: 1800 births1862 deaths19th-century British military personnel19th-century explorersAnglo-ScotsEnglish polar explorersEnglish people of Scottish descentExplorers of AntarcticaExplorers of the ArcticFellows of the Royal SocietyPersons of National Historic Significance (Canada)Royal Navy officers
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This page was last edited on 18 March 2019, at 02:52 (UTC).
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