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St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery is a functioning monastery in Kiev, the capital of Ukraine. The monastery is located on the right bank of the Dnieper River on the edge of a bluff northeast of the Saint Sophia Cathedral. The site is located in the historic administrative Uppertown and overlooks the city's historical commercial and merchant quarter, the Podil neighbourhood. Originally built in the Middle Ages by Sviatopolk II Iziaslavych, the monastery comprises the Cathedral itself, the Refectory of St. John the Divine, built in 1713, the Economic Gates, constructed in 1760 and the monastery's bell tower, which was added circa 1716–1719. The exterior of the structure was rebuilt in the Ukrainian Baroque style in the 18th century while the interior remained in its original Byzantine style. The original cathedral was demolished by the Soviet authorities in the 1930s, but was reconstructed and opened in 1999 following Ukrainian independence. Architecture The religious architecture of St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery incorporates elements that have evolved from styles prevalent during Byzantine and Baroque periods. The St. Michael's Golden-Domed Cathedral (Ukrainian: Михайлівський Золотоверхий Cобор) is the monastery's main church, built in 1108–1113 at the behest of Sviatopolk II Iziaslavych. The cathedral was the largest of three churches of St. Demetrius Monastery. The ancient cathedral was modeled on the Assumption Cathedral of the Kiev Monastery of the Caves. It used the Greek cross plan prevalent during the time of the Kievan Rus, six pillars, and three apses. A miniature church, likely a baptistery, adjoined the cathedral from the south. There was also a tower with a staircase leading to the choir loft; it was incorporated into the northern part of the narthex rather than protruding from the main block as was common at the time. It is likely that the cathedral had a single dome, although two smaller domes might have topped the tower and baptistery. The interior decoration was lavish as its high-quality shimmering mosaics, probably the finest in Kievan Rus, still testify. When the medieval churches of Kiev were rebuilt in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries in the Ukrainian Baroque style, the cathedral was enlarged and renovated dramatically. By 1746, it had acquired a new baroque exterior, while maintaining its original Byzantine interior. Six domes were added to the original single dome, but the added pressure on the walls was counteracted by the construction of buttresses. The remaining medieval walls, characterised by alternative layers of limestone and flat brick, were covered with stucco. Ivan Hryhorovych-Barskyi was responsible for window surrounds and stucco ornamentation. Inside the church, an intricate five-tier icon screen funded by Hetman Pavlo Skoropadsky and executed by Hryhoryi Petriv from Chernigov was installed in 1718. During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, almost all of the original Byzantine mosaics and frescoes on the interior walls were painted over. Some restoration work on the mosaics and frescoes that remained unpainted was carried out towards the end of the nineteenth century. However, there were no major and serious investigations of the walls done, so it is possible that medieval frescoes or mosaics were preserved under the newer coats of plaster. The refectory of the monastery is a rectangular brick building which contains a dining hall for the brethren as well as several kitchens and pantries. The church of St. John the Divine adjoins it from the east. The outside is segmented by pilasters and displays window surrounds reminiscent of traditional Muscovite architecture. The refectory was erected in 1713 in place of the wooden one. Its interior was overhauled in 1827 and 1837 and restoration work was undertaken in 1976–1981. The monastery belltower was built in three tiers in 1716–1720, and is surmounted by a pear-shaped dome. [Wikipedia.org] |
Kuupäev | |
Allikas |
St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery and murar
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Autor | Jorge Láscar from Australia |
Kaamera asukoht | 50° 27′ 20″ N, 30° 31′ 22″ E | See ja teised pildid sellest paigast lehel: OpenStreetMap | 50.455556; 30.522778 |
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Litsents
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Administraator või usaldusväärne kasutaja File Upload Bot (Magnus Manske) on selle võrgukohast Flickr pärineva pildi üle vaadanud ja kinnitanud, et see on olnud saadaval ülaltoodud litsentsi all. Vaadatud: 10. august 2013 |
Selles failis kujutatud üksused
kujutab
3. august 2012
coordinates of the point of view inglise
50°27'20.002"N, 30°31'22.001"E
captured with inglise
Nikon D90 inglise
0,005 sekund
f-number inglise
14
24 millimeeter
ISO speed inglise
200
MIME type inglise
image/jpeg
Faili ajalugu
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Kuupäev/kellaaeg | Pisipilt | Mõõtmed | Kasutaja | Kommentaar | |
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viimane | 10. august 2013, kell 17:39 | 4288 × 2848 (3,11 MB) | File Upload Bot (Magnus Manske) | Transferred from Flickr by User:High Contrast |
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Kaamera tootja | NIKON CORPORATION |
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Kaamera mudel | NIKON D90 |
Säriaeg | 1/200 sek (0,005) |
F-arv | f/14 |
Valgustundlikkus (ISO) | 200 |
Andmete loomise kuupäev ja kellaaeg | 3. august 2012, kell 13:16 |
Fookuskaugus | 24 mm |
Orientatsioon | Normaalne |
Horisontaalne eraldus | 300 dpi |
Vertikaalne eraldus | 300 dpi |
Kasutatud tarkvara | Ver.1.00 |
Faili muutmise kuupäev ja kellaaeg | 3. august 2012, kell 13:16 |
Y- ja C-positsioonimine | Kõrvuti asetatud |
Säriprogramm | Määratlemata |
Exif-versioon | 2.21 |
Digiteerimise kuupäev ja kellaaeg | 3. august 2012, kell 13:16 |
Iga komponendi tähendus |
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Pildi pakkimise meetod | 2 |
Särituse mõju | 0 |
Vähim ava | 3,9 APEX (f/3,86) |
Mõõtmisviis | Muster |
Valgusallikas | Teadmata |
Välk | Välk ei töötanud, automaatne töörežiim |
Muutmisaja sekundi murdosa | 00 |
Loomisaja sekundi murdosa | 00 |
Digiteerimise sekundi murdosa | 00 |
Toetatud Flashpixi versioon | 1 |
Värviruum | sRGB |
Tundlikustamismeetod | Ühe kiibiga värviandur |
Faili päritolu | Digitaalne fotokaamera |
Võtte tüüp | Pildistatud otse |
Kohandatud pilditöötlus | Tavatöötlus |
Särituse meetod | Automaatne säritus |
Valge tasakaal | Automaatne valge tasakaal |
Digisuumi tegur | 1 |
35 mm-se filmi fookuskaugus | 36 mm |
Ülesvõtte tüüp | Standardne |
Tundlikkus | Puudub |
Kontrastsus | Normaalne |
Küllastus | Normaalne |
Teravus | Normaalne |
Põhimotiivi kaugusvahemik | Teadmata |
GPS-tähise versioon | 2.2.0.0 |