Vikipeedia

Intersoolisus: erinevus redaktsioonide vahel

Sirvi ajalugu interaktiivselt
← Vanem muudatusUuem muudatus →
Eemaldatud sisu Lisatud sisu
VisuaalneVikitekst
P varasemalt > varem
P Korrastasin skripti abil viiteid
1. rida:
{{Mall:LGBT}}
[[Pilt:Intersex flag.svg|pisi|vasakul|Intersoolisuse lipp]]
'''Intersoolisus''' ehk '''vahesoolisus'''<ref>{{Netiviide|Autor=Eesti LGBT Ühing|URLname=http://www.lgbt.ee/lgbtqia-uudissonad/|Pealkiri=LGBTQIA"yXCV8" uudissõnad|Väljaanne=|Aeg=3. aprill 2012|Kasutatud=15. mai 2017}}</ref> on olukord, kui inimene omab mitmeid erinevaid variatsioone [[Sugutunnused|sootunnustes]], muuhulgas [[Kromosoom|kromosoomides]], [[Sugunääre|sugunäärmetes]], [[Suguhormoon|suguhormoonides]] või [[Suguelundid|suguelundites]], mis "ei sobitu tüüpilise mehe või naise keha definitsioonidesse".<ref>UN Commitee against Torture; UN Committee on the Rights of the Child; Un Comittee on the Rights of People wiht Disabilities; UN Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment; Juan Méndez, Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment; Dainius Pῡras, Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health; Dubravka Šimonoviæ, Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences; Marta Santos Pais, Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General on Violence against Children; African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights; Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (14. mai 2017), [http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsIDname=20739&LangID=E "Intersex Awareness Day – Wednesday 26 October. End violence and harmful medical practices on intersex children and adults, UN and regional experts urgeL6kbe"], ''Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights''</ref><ref name="unfe-fact">{{Cite web|first=|url=https://unfe.org/system/unfe-65-Intersex_Factsheet_ENGLISH.pdf|title=Free & Equal Campaign Fact Sheet: Intersex|publisher=Ühinenud Rahvaste Organisatsioon [[ÜRO Inimõiguste Ülemvoliniku Amet]]|website=|date=|access-date=12. mai 2017|year=2015|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->}}</ref> Selliste variatsioonide alla võib kuuluda suguelundite mitmesus või kombinatsioon kromosoomi [[Genotüüp|genotüübis]] ja seksuaalses [[Fenotüüp|fenotüübis]], mis ei vasta [[XY-soo määramise süsteem|XY-mees ja XX naine]] mudelile.<ref name="Money">{{cite book|last=Money|first=John|year=1972|title=Man & Woman Boy & Girl. Differentiation and dimorphism of gender identity from conception to maturity|publisher=The Johns Hopkins University Press|location=USA|isbn=0-8018-1405-7|pages=|quote=|via=|authorlink1=|author2=Ehrhardt, Anke A.}}</ref><ref name="Dreger">{{cite book|last=Domurat Dreger|first=Alice|year=2001|title=Hermaphrodites and the Medical Invention of Sex|publisher=Harvard University Press|location=USA|isbn=0-674-00189-3|pages=|quote=|via=|authorlink=}}</ref>
 
Intersoolisi inimesi on varem nimetatud [[hermafrodiit]]<nowiki/>ideks, "kaasasündinud eunuhhideks"<ref name="mason">Mason, H.J., Favorinus’ Disorder: Reifenstein’s Syndrome in Antiquity?, in Janus 66 (1978) 1–13.</ref><ref>Nguyễn Khắcname="oVDSc" Thuần (1998), ''Việt sử giai thoại'' (History of Vietnam's tales), vol. 8, Vietnam Education Publishing House, p. 55</ref> ning isegi kaasasündinud "sugukülmadeks".<ref name="Richardson">{{Cite book|last=Richardson|first=Ian D.|date=Mai 2012|title=God's Triangle|publisher=Preddon Lee Limited|location=|isbn=9780957140103|pages=|quote=|via=}}</ref> Need mõisted on langenud põlu alla. Näiteks terminit "hermafrodiit" loetakse eksitavaks, häbimärgistavaks ja teaduslikult petlikuks.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Dreger|first=Alice D.|url=http://www.aissg.org/PDFs/Dreger-Nomenclature-2005.PDF|titlename="Changing the Nomenclature/Taxonomy for Intersex: A Scientific and Clinical Rationale.TgoXy"|journal=Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism|volume=|issue=|pages=|date=18. august 2005|access-date=14. mai 2017|last2=Chase|first2=Cheryl|last3=Sousa|first3=Aron|last4=Gruppuso|first4=Phillip A.|last5=Frader|first5=Joel|doi=|pmid=|via=}}</ref> Intersoolisuse lugemine [[Sootunnuste kujunemise häire|sootunnuste kujunemise häireks]] on olnud vastuoluline<ref>Davis, Georgiannname="UMXud" (11 september 2015). ''Contesting Intersex: The Dubious Diagnosis''. New York University Press. pp. 87–89. [[International Standard Book Number|ISBN]] [[Eri:BookSources/978-1479887040|978-1479887040]].</ref><ref>Houk, C. P.; Hughes, I. A.; Ahmed, S. F.; Lee, P. A.; Writing Committee for the International Intersex Consensus Conference Participants (August 2006). [http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/doi/10.1542/peds.2006-0737 name="Summary of Consensus Statement on Intersex Disorders and Their ManagementvGs44"]. ''Pediatrics''. '''118''' (2): 753–757. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[https://doi.org/10.1542%2Fpeds.2006-0737 10.1542/peds.2006-0737]. [[International Standard Serial Number|ISSN]] [https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0031-4005 0031-4005]. [[PubMed Identifier|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16882833 16882833].</ref> alates mõiste kasutuselevõtust 2006. aastal.<ref name="holmes2011">{{Cite journal|last=Holmes|first=Morgan|url=http://www.euppublishing.com/doi/abs/10.3366/soma.2011.0026|title=The Intersex Enchiridion: Naming and Knowledge|journal=Somatechnics|volume=1|issue=2|pages=388–411|date=September 2011|doi=10.3366/soma.2011.0026|issn=2044-0138|via=|authorlink=|accessdate=14. mai 2017}}</ref>
 
Intersoolised inimesed seisavad sünni hetkest või intersoolisuse tunnuste avastamisest alates silmitsi stigmatiseerimise ja diskrimineerimisega. Osades riikides võib see hõlmata imikutappu, hülgamist ja perekonna häbimärgistamist.<ref>Civil Society Coalition on Human Rights and Constitutional Law; Human Rights Awareness and Promotion Forum; Rainbow Health Foundation; Sexual Minorities Uganda; Support Initiative for Persons with Congenital Disorders (2014). [http://www.hrapf.org/publications/research-papers/uganda-report-violations-based-sex-determination-gender-identity-and name="67Sl6"Uganda Report of Violations based on Sex Determination, Gender Identity, and Sexual Orientation"].</ref><ref>Grady, Helen; Soy, Anne (4. mai 2017). [http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-39780214 name="The midwife who saved intersex babiesN0ef1"]. ''BBC World Service, Kenya''.</ref><ref>Beyond the Boundary - Knowing and Concerns Intersex (Oktoober 2015). [http://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolnoname=INT%2fCAT%2fCSS%2fHKG%2f22156&Lang=en "Intersex4fgjm" report from Hong Kong China, and for the UN Committee Against Torture: the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment"].</ref> Üle maailma muudetakse osade intersooliste imikute ja laste keha kirurgiliselt või hormonaalselt, et viia see vastavusse sotsiaalselt aktsepteeritumate sootunnustega. Näiteks puudutab see neid, kelle välised suguelundid on mitmetimõistetavad. Selline keha muutmine on vastuoluline: puuduvad kindlad tõendid, et selline teguviis teeb inimesele head.<ref name="apeg2013">[http://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=aafe43f3-c6a2-4525-ad16-15e4210ee0ac&subId=16191 Submission 88 to the Australian Senate inquiry on the involuntary or coerced sterilisation of people with disabilities in Australia], Australasian Paediatric Endocrine Group (APEG), 27 June 2013</ref> Protseduur võib sisaldada muuhulgas ka [[Steriliseerimine (meditsiin)|steriliseerimist]]. Keha korrigeerimine võib puudutada ka täiskasvanuid. Teiste seas naissoost eliitsportlasi.<ref name="Chand">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/07/sports/sprinter-dutee-chand-fights-ban-over-her-testosterone-level.html|title=Fighting for the Body She Was Born With|publisher=The New York Times|work=|date=6. oktoober 2014|via=|last1=|first1=|accessdate=15. mai 2017}}</ref><ref>Rebecca Jordan-Young; Sonksen, P. H.; Karkazis, K. (Aprill 2014). [http://www.bmj.com/cgi/doi/10.1136/bmj.g2926 name="Sex, health, and athletestuzKC"]. ''BMJ''. '''348''' (apr28 9): –2926–g2926. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmj.g2926 10.1136/bmj.g2926]. [[International Standard Serial Number|ISSN]] [https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1756-1833 1756-1833]. [[PubMed Identifier|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24776640 24776640]. Retrieved 21 May 2016.</ref> Järjest enam peetakse mitte-konsensuslikku kehade muutmist [[Inimõigused|inimõiguste]] rikkumiseks. Seda seisukohta on väljendanud mitmed nii rahvusvahelised<ref name="untorture">[http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/RegularSession/Session22/A.HRC.22.53_English.pdf Report of the UN Special Rapporteur on Torture], [[ÜRO Inimõiguste Ülemvoliniku Amet]], Veebruar 2013.</ref><ref name="jointun">[http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/gender_rights/eliminating-forced-sterilization/en/ Eliminating forced, coercive and otherwise involuntary sterilization, An interagency statement], [[World Health Organization]], Mai 2014.</ref> kui ka rahvuslikud inimõiguste ja eetika institutsioonid.<ref name="SenateOnSterilisation">{{Cite book|first=|date=2013|title=Involuntary or coerced sterilisation of intersex people in Australia|publisher=|location=Canberra|isbn=978-1-74229-917-4|pages=|url=http://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Community_Affairs/Involuntary_Sterilisation/Sec_Report/index|last2=Community Affairs References Committee|work=Australian Senate|quote=|via=|last1=}}</ref><ref>Swiss National Advisory Commission on Biomedical Ethics NEK-CNE (November 2012). [http://www.nek-cne.ch/fileadmin/nek-cne-dateien/Themen/Stellungnahmen/en/NEK_Intersexualitaet_En.pdf ''On the management of differences of sex development. Ethical issues relating to name="intersexualityp8SQA".Opinion No. 20/2012''](PDF). 2012. Berne.</ref> Kolmas Rahvusvahelisel Intersoolisuse Foorum väljastas Malta deklaratsiooni, mis muuhulgas kutsub üles lõpetama kehade moonutamise ja "normaliseerimise."<ref>Asia Pacificname="3EZIZ" Forum of National Human Rights Institutions (June 2016). [http://www.asiapacificforum.net/resources/manual-sogi-and-sex-charactersitics/ ''Promoting and Protecting Human Rights in relation to Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and Sex Characteristics'']. [[International Standard Book Number|ISBN]] [[Eri:BookSources/978-0-9942513-7-4|978-0-9942513-7-4]].</ref>
 
2011. aastal sai [[Christiane Völling]] esimese intersoolise inimesena võidu kohtukaasuses, millega määrati talle kahjutasu mitte-konsensusliku kirurgilise sekkumisega tehtud kahju eest.<ref>International Commission of Jurists. [http://www.icj.org/sogicasebook/in-re-volling-regional-court-cologne-germany-6-february-2008/ name="In re Völling, Regional Court Cologne, Germany (6 February 2008)gRX3C"]. Vaadatud 15. mai 2017</ref> [[2015]]. aasta aprillis sai [[Malta|Maltast]] esimene riik, mis keelas mitte-konsensuslikud meditsiinilise sekkumise isiku anatoomilisse soosse. Selle alla käivad ka intersoolised inimesed.<ref name="star-2015">{{Cite news|last=Star Observer|first=|url=http://www.starobserver.com.au/news/international-news-news/malta-passes-law-outlawing-forced-surgical-intervention-on-intersex-minors/134800|title=Malta passes law outlawing forced surgical intervention on intersex minors|work=Star Observer|date=2. aprill 2015|access-date=15. mai 2017|via=}}</ref>
 
Enamus intersoolisi inimesi samastuvad neile [[Soo määramine|määratud sooga]] ehk sooga, millega neid üles kasvatati. Samas osad võivad end hiljem identifitseerida neile määratust erineva sooga.<ref name="unfe-fact" /><ref name="Dreger" /><ref>[https://oii.org.au/30313/intersex-stories-statistics-australia/ name="New publication tS3an"Intersex: Stories and Statistics from Australia""]. ''Organisation Intersex International Australia''. 3. veebruar 2016. Vaadatud 15. mai 2017.</ref><ref>Furtado P. S.; et al. (2012). name="Gender dysphoria associated with disorders of sex developmentlol6v". ''Nat. Rev. Urol''. '''9''' (11): 620–627. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnrurol.2012.182 10.1038/nrurol.2012.182]. [[PubMed Identifier|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23045263 23045263].</ref><ref>Marañón, Gregorioname="sMwhU" (1929). ''Los estados intersexuales en la especie humana''. Madrid: Morata.</ref>
 
== Viited ==
{{viited|1=2|allikad=
{{div col|3}}
<ref name="unfe-fact">{{Cite web|first=|url=https://unfe.org/system/unfe-65-Intersex_Factsheet_ENGLISH.pdf|title=Free & Equal Campaign Fact Sheet: Intersex|publisher=Ühinenud Rahvaste Organisatsioon [[ÜRO Inimõiguste Ülemvoliniku Amet]]|website=|date=|access-date=12. mai 2017|year=2015|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->}}</ref>
<ref name="Money">{{cite book|last=Money|first=John|year=1972|title=Man & Woman Boy & Girl. Differentiation and dimorphism of gender identity from conception to maturity|publisher=The Johns Hopkins University Press|location=USA|isbn=0-8018-1405-7|pages=|quote=|via=|authorlink1=|author2=Ehrhardt, Anke A.}}</ref>
<ref name="Dreger">{{cite book|last=Domurat Dreger|first=Alice|year=2001|title=Hermaphrodites and the Medical Invention of Sex|publisher=Harvard University Press|location=USA|isbn=0-674-00189-3|pages=|quote=|via=|authorlink=}}</ref>
<ref name="mason">Mason, H.J., Favorinus’ Disorder: Reifenstein’s Syndrome in Antiquity?, in Janus 66 (1978) 1–13.</ref>
<ref name="Richardson">{{Cite book|last=Richardson|first=Ian D.|date=Mai 2012|title=God's Triangle|publisher=Preddon Lee Limited|location=|isbn=9780957140103|pages=|quote=|via=}}</ref>
<ref name="holmes2011">{{Cite journal|last=Holmes|first=Morgan|url=http://www.euppublishing.com/doi/abs/10.3366/soma.2011.0026|title=The Intersex Enchiridion: Naming and Knowledge|journal=Somatechnics|volume=1|issue=2|pages=388–411|date=September 2011|doi=10.3366/soma.2011.0026|issn=2044-0138|via=|authorlink=|accessdate=14. mai 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="apeg2013">[http://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=aafe43f3-c6a2-4525-ad16-15e4210ee0ac&subId=16191 Submission 88 to the Australian Senate inquiry on the involuntary or coerced sterilisation of people with disabilities in Australia], Australasian Paediatric Endocrine Group (APEG), 27 June 2013</ref>
<ref name="Chand">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/07/sports/sprinter-dutee-chand-fights-ban-over-her-testosterone-level.html|title=Fighting for the Body She Was Born With|publisher=The New York Times|work=|date=6. oktoober 2014|via=|last1=|first1=|accessdate=15. mai 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="untorture">[http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/RegularSession/Session22/A.HRC.22.53_English.pdf Report of the UN Special Rapporteur on Torture], [[ÜRO Inimõiguste Ülemvoliniku Amet]], Veebruar 2013.</ref>
<ref name="jointun">[http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/gender_rights/eliminating-forced-sterilization/en/ Eliminating forced, coercive and otherwise involuntary sterilization, An interagency statement], [[World Health Organization]], Mai 2014.</ref>
<ref name="SenateOnSterilisation">{{Cite book|first=|date=2013|title=Involuntary or coerced sterilisation of intersex people in Australia|publisher=|location=Canberra|isbn=978-1-74229-917-4|pages=|url=http://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Community_Affairs/Involuntary_Sterilisation/Sec_Report/index|last2=Community Affairs References Committee|work=Australian Senate|quote=|via=|last1=}}</ref>
<ref name="star-2015">{{Cite news|last=Star Observer|first=|url=http://www.starobserver.com.au/news/international-news-news/malta-passes-law-outlawing-forced-surgical-intervention-on-intersex-minors/134800|title=Malta passes law outlawing forced surgical intervention on intersex minors|work=Star Observer|date=2. aprill 2015|access-date=15. mai 2017|via=}}</ref>
<ref name="yXCV8">{{Netiviide|Autor=Eesti LGBT Ühing|URL=http://www.lgbt.ee/lgbtqia-uudissonad/|Pealkiri=LGBTQIA uudissõnad|Väljaanne=|Aeg=3. aprill 2012|Kasutatud=15. mai 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="L6kbe">UN Commitee against Torture; UN Committee on the Rights of the Child; Un Comittee on the Rights of People wiht Disabilities; UN Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment; Juan Méndez, Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment; Dainius Pῡras, Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health; Dubravka Šimonoviæ, Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences; Marta Santos Pais, Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General on Violence against Children; African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights; Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (14. mai 2017), [http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=20739&LangID=E "Intersex Awareness Day – Wednesday 26 October. End violence and harmful medical practices on intersex children and adults, UN and regional experts urge"], ''Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights''</ref>
<ref name="oVDSc">Nguyễn Khắc Thuần (1998), ''Việt sử giai thoại'' (History of Vietnam's tales), vol. 8, Vietnam Education Publishing House, p. 55</ref>
<ref name="TgoXy">{{Cite journal|last=Dreger|first=Alice D.|url=http://www.aissg.org/PDFs/Dreger-Nomenclature-2005.PDF|title="Changing the Nomenclature/Taxonomy for Intersex: A Scientific and Clinical Rationale."|journal=Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism|volume=|issue=|pages=|date=18. august 2005|access-date=14. mai 2017|last2=Chase|first2=Cheryl|last3=Sousa|first3=Aron|last4=Gruppuso|first4=Phillip A.|last5=Frader|first5=Joel|doi=|pmid=|via=}}</ref>
<ref name="UMXud">Davis, Georgiann (11 september 2015). ''Contesting Intersex: The Dubious Diagnosis''. New York University Press. pp. 87–89. [[International Standard Book Number|ISBN]] [[Eri:BookSources/978-1479887040|978-1479887040]].</ref>
<ref name="vGs44">Houk, C. P.; Hughes, I. A.; Ahmed, S. F.; Lee, P. A.; Writing Committee for the International Intersex Consensus Conference Participants (August 2006). [http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/doi/10.1542/peds.2006-0737 "Summary of Consensus Statement on Intersex Disorders and Their Management"]. ''Pediatrics''. '''118''' (2): 753–757. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[https://doi.org/10.1542%2Fpeds.2006-0737 10.1542/peds.2006-0737]. [[International Standard Serial Number|ISSN]] [https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0031-4005 0031-4005]. [[PubMed Identifier|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16882833 16882833].</ref>
<ref name="67Sl6">Civil Society Coalition on Human Rights and Constitutional Law; Human Rights Awareness and Promotion Forum; Rainbow Health Foundation; Sexual Minorities Uganda; Support Initiative for Persons with Congenital Disorders (2014). [http://www.hrapf.org/publications/research-papers/uganda-report-violations-based-sex-determination-gender-identity-and "Uganda Report of Violations based on Sex Determination, Gender Identity, and Sexual Orientation"].</ref>
<ref name="N0ef1">Grady, Helen; Soy, Anne (4. mai 2017). [http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-39780214 "The midwife who saved intersex babies"]. ''BBC World Service, Kenya''.</ref>
<ref name="4fgjm">Beyond the Boundary - Knowing and Concerns Intersex (Oktoober 2015). [http://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=INT%2fCAT%2fCSS%2fHKG%2f22156&Lang=en "Intersex report from Hong Kong China, and for the UN Committee Against Torture: the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment"].</ref>
<ref name="tuzKC">Rebecca Jordan-Young; Sonksen, P. H.; Karkazis, K. (Aprill 2014). [http://www.bmj.com/cgi/doi/10.1136/bmj.g2926 "Sex, health, and athletes"]. ''BMJ''. '''348''' (apr28 9): –2926–g2926. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmj.g2926 10.1136/bmj.g2926]. [[International Standard Serial Number|ISSN]] [https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1756-1833 1756-1833]. [[PubMed Identifier|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24776640 24776640]. Retrieved 21 May 2016.</ref>
<ref name="p8SQA">Swiss National Advisory Commission on Biomedical Ethics NEK-CNE (November 2012). [http://www.nek-cne.ch/fileadmin/nek-cne-dateien/Themen/Stellungnahmen/en/NEK_Intersexualitaet_En.pdf ''On the management of differences of sex development. Ethical issues relating to "intersexuality".Opinion No. 20/2012''](PDF). 2012. Berne.</ref>
<ref name="3EZIZ">Asia Pacific Forum of National Human Rights Institutions (June 2016). [http://www.asiapacificforum.net/resources/manual-sogi-and-sex-charactersitics/ ''Promoting and Protecting Human Rights in relation to Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and Sex Characteristics'']. [[International Standard Book Number|ISBN]] [[Eri:BookSources/978-0-9942513-7-4|978-0-9942513-7-4]].</ref>
<ref name="gRX3C">International Commission of Jurists. [http://www.icj.org/sogicasebook/in-re-volling-regional-court-cologne-germany-6-february-2008/ "In re Völling, Regional Court Cologne, Germany (6 February 2008)"]. Vaadatud 15. mai 2017</ref>
<ref name="tS3an">[https://oii.org.au/30313/intersex-stories-statistics-australia/ "New publication "Intersex: Stories and Statistics from Australia""]. ''Organisation Intersex International Australia''. 3. veebruar 2016. Vaadatud 15. mai 2017.</ref>
<ref name="lol6v">Furtado P. S.; et al. (2012). "Gender dysphoria associated with disorders of sex development". ''Nat. Rev. Urol''. '''9''' (11): 620–627. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnrurol.2012.182 10.1038/nrurol.2012.182]. [[PubMed Identifier|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23045263 23045263].</ref>
<ref name="sMwhU">Marañón, Gregorio (1929). ''Los estados intersexuales en la especie humana''. Madrid: Morata.</ref>
}}
 
[[Kategooria:Seksuoloogia]]
[[Kategooria:LGBT]]
Pärit leheküljelt "https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intersoolisus"