Tavaline nohu: erinevus redaktsioonide vahel

Eemaldatud sisu Lisatud sisu
Resümee puudub
viitetõrke eemaldamine+toim
1. rida:
{{keeletoimeta}}
{{Haiguste teabekast |
Pilt = Rhinovirus.PNG |
73. rida ⟶ 72. rida:
 
=== Alternatiivsed ravimeetodid ===
Eksisteerib paljusid erinevaid tavalise nohu alternatiivseid ravimeetodeid, kuid puudulikudenamasti teaduslikudpole tõendusmaterjalidnende eiravitoime pooldateaduslikult nendest enamiku kasutamisttõendatud.<ref name=AFP07/> 20102014. aasta seisuga puuduvad tõendid [[mesi|mee]] või nina läbipesemisekasutamise kasuliku või kahjuliku mõju kohta haigustunnuste ilmnemise ajal.<ref name="OduwoleOduwole2"/> 2015. aasta seisuga on olemas esialgsed andmed nina läbipesemise kasuliku mõju kohta haigustunnuste ilmnemise ajal.<ref name="KasselKing"/> UurimistöödUurimistööde alusel on järeldanudjäreldatud, et tsingi manustamine vähem kui 24 tunni jooksul pärast esimeste nohu sümptomite ilmnemist vähendab hea [[tervis]]ega inimestel nina-neelupõletiku kestust ja ägedust.<ref name=Zinc11/> Uurimistööde suurte erinevuste tõttu on vajalik teha lisauuringuid, et määrata kuidas ja millal on tsingi mõju efektiivne haigusnähtude leevendamisel.<ref name="nhs"/> Kuna tsingitablettide manustamine võib põhjustada kõrvaltoimete tekkimist, pole tsingi kasutamine tavalise nohu ravimisel eriti levinud.<ref name="Zinc2"/> C-vitamiini mõju haigusele on hästi uuritud ning selle mõju on positiivne vaid teatud spetsiifilistel tingimustel, milleks on intensiivne füüsiline tegevus külmas keskkonnas.<ref name="Hemilä2010"/><ref name="Heimer2009"/> [[Siilkübar]]ate (''Echinacea'') positiivne mõju haiguse ravil on ebajärjekindel.<ref name=CochE06/><ref name="Sachin"/> Erinevate siilkübarate mõju on erineva efektiivsusega.<ref name=CochE06/>
 
== Prognoos ==
97. rida ⟶ 96. rida:
== Viited ==
{{viited|2|allikad=
<ref name=CE11>{{cite journal|last=Arroll|first=B|title=Common cold.|journal=Clinical evidence|date=201116. Marmärts 162011|volume=2011|pmid=21406124|issue=03}}</ref>
<ref name=Eccles2005>{{cite journal |author=Eccles R |title=Understanding the symptoms of the common cold and influenza |journal= The Lancet Infect Dis |volume=5 |issue=11 |pages=718–25 |year=2005 |month=November |pmid=16253889 |doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(05)70270-X|url=http://ndmat.hosp.ncku.edu.tw:8080/%E5%85%92%E7%A7%91/Feb-27.pdf }}</ref>
<ref name=Heik2003>{{cite journal |author=Heikkinen T, Järvinen A |title=The common cold |journal=Lancet |volume=361 |issue=9351 |pages=51–9 |year=2003 |month=Jaanuar |pmid=12517470|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12162-9 }}</ref>
108. rida ⟶ 107. rida:
<ref name="contagiousness">{{cite journal|title=Questions and answers|journal=Journal of the American Medical Association|date=16. juuli 1997|volume=278|issue=3|pages=256–257|url=http://jama.ama-assn.org/content/278/3/256|accessdate=}}<!-- I searched PubMed for both the letter and for the "Questions and answers" column. Neither is indexed. Also, the DOI that the website provides is broken, so I've instead provided a URL. --></ref>
<ref name="Zuger">{{cite news |author=Zuger, Abigail |title='You'll Catch Your Death!' An Old Wives' Tale? Well... |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=4. märts 2003 |url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D02E1DD163FF937A35750C0A9659C8B63}}</ref>
<ref name="Mourtzoukou">{{cite journal|last=Mourtzoukou|first=EG|coauthors=Falagas, ME|title=Exposure to cold and respiratory tract infections.|journal=The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease|date=2007 Sep|volume=11|issue=9|pages=938–43|pmid=17705968}}</ref>
<ref name="Cohen">{{cite journal |author=Cohen S, Doyle WJ, Alper CM, Janicki-Deverts D, Turner RB |title=Sleep Habits and Susceptibility to the Common Cold |journal=Arch. Intern. Med. |volume=169 |issue=1|pages=62–7 |year=2009 |month=Jaanuar |pmid=19139325 |doi=10.1001/archinternmed.2008.505 |pmc=2629403}}</ref>
<ref name="Lawrence">{{cite journal|author=Lawrence DM |journal=Lancet Infect Dis |volume=9 |issue=5 |page=278 |date=mai 2009 |doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(09)70123-9|url=http://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099%2809%2970123-9 |title=Gene studies shed light on rhinovirus diversity}}</ref>
<ref name=CochP11>{{cite journal|last=Jefferson|first=T|coauthors=Del Mar, CB, Dooley, L, Ferroni, E, Al-Ansary, LA, Bawazeer, GA, van Driel, ML, Nair, S, Jones, MA, Thorning, S, Conly, JM|title=Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses.|journal=Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online)|date=20116. Juljuuli 62011|issue=7|pages=CD006207|pmid=21735402|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD006207.pub4}}</ref>
<ref name=Zinc11>{{cite journal|last=Singh|first=M|coauthors=Das, RR|title=Zinc for the common cold.|journal=Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online)|date=201116. Febveebruar 162011|issue=2|pages=CD001364|pmid=21328251|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD001364.pub3}}</ref>
<ref name="Hemilä2010">{{cite journal |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD000980.pub3 |pmid=17636648 |title=Vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold |journal=Cochrane database of systematic reviews |issue=3 |pages=CD000980 |year=2007 |last1=Hemilä |first1=Harri |last2=Chalker |first2=Elizabeth |last3=Douglas |first3=Bob |last4=Hemilä |first4=Harri |editor1-last=Hemilä |editor1-first=Harri}}</ref>
<ref name="Mayo">{{cite web| title = Common Cold: Treatments and Drugs| publisher = Mayo Clinic| url = http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/common-cold/DS00056/DSECTION=treatments-and-drugs| accessdate=9. jaanuar 2010}}</ref>
119. rida ⟶ 118. rida:
<ref name="Schroeder">{{cite journal |author=Smith SM, Schroeder K, Fahey T |editor1-last=Smith |editor1-first=Susan M |title=Over-the-counter medications for acute cough in children and adults in ambulatory settings |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev |issue=1 |pages=CD001831 |year=2008 |pmid=18253996 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD001831.pub3 }}</ref>
<ref name=CFP09>{{cite journal |author=Shefrin AE, Goldman RD |title=Use of over-the-counter cough and cold medications in children |journal=Can Fam Physician |volume=55 |issue=11 |pages=1081–3 |year=2009 |month=November |pmid=19910592 |pmc=2776795 |url=http://www.cfp.ca/content/55/11/1081.full }}</ref>
<ref name="Vassilev">{{cite journal|last=Vassilev|first=ZP|coauthors=Kabadi, S, Villa, R|title=Safety and efficacy of over-the-counter cough and cold medicines for use in children.|journal=Expert opinion on drug safety|date=2010 Mar|volume=9|issue=2|pages=233–42|pmid=20001764|doi=10.1517/14740330903496410}}</ref>
<ref name="Taverner">{{cite journal |author=Taverner D, Latte J |title=Nasal decongestants for the common cold |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev |issue=1 |pages=CD001953 |year=2007 |pmid=17253470 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD001953.pub3 |editor1-last=Latte |editor1-first=G. Jenny }}</ref>
<ref name="Albalawi">{{cite journal|last=Albalawi|first=ZH|coauthors=Othman, SS, Alfaleh, K|title=Intranasal ipratropium bromide for the common cold.|journal=Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online)|date=20116. Juljuuli 62011|issue=7|pages=CD008231|pmid=21735425|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD008231.pub2}}</ref>
<ref name="Pratter">{{cite journal|last=Pratter|first=MR|title=Cough and the common cold: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines.|journal=Chest|date=2006 Jan|volume=129|issue=1 Suppl|pages=72S-74S|pmid=16428695|doi=10.1378/chest.129.1_suppl.72S}}</ref>
<ref name="Guppy">{{cite journal|last=Guppy|first=MP|coauthors=Mickan, SM, Del Mar, CB, Thorning, S, Rack, A|title=Advising patients to increase fluid intake for treating acute respiratory infections.|journal=Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online)|date=2011 Feb 16-02-2011|issue=2|pages=CD004419|pmid=21328268|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD004419.pub3}}</ref>
<ref name="Singh">{{cite journal|last=Singh|first=M|coauthors=Singh, M|title=Heated, humidified air for the common cold.|journal=Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online)|date=201111. Maymai 112011|issue=5|pages=CD001728|pmid=21563130|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD001728.pub4}}</ref>
<ref name="Beiler">{{cite journal |author=Paul IM, Beiler JS, King TS, Clapp ER, Vallati J, Berlin CM |title=Vapor rub, petrolatum, and no treatment for children with nocturnal cough and cold symptoms |journal=Pediatrics |volume=126 |issue=6 |pages=1092–9 |year=2010 |month=Detsember|pmid=21059712 |doi=10.1542/peds.2010-1601|url=http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/reprint/peds.2010-1601v1}}</ref>
<ref name=CochraneAR2005>{{cite journal |author=Arroll B, Kenealy T |editor1-last=Arroll |editor1-first=Bruce |title=Antibiotics for the common cold and acute purulent rhinitis |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev |issue=3 |pages=CD000247 |year=2005 |pmid=16034850 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD000247.pub2 }}</ref>
<ref name="nhs">{{cite web |url= http://www.nhs.uk/news/2011/02February/Pages/zinc-for-the-common-cold.aspx |title=Zinc for the common cold - Health News - NHS Choices |first= |last= |work=nhs.uk |year=2012 [last update] |quote=In this review, there was a high level of heterogeneity between the studies that were pooled to determine the effect of zinc on the duration of cold symptoms. This may suggest that it was inappropriate to pool them. It certainly makes this particular finding less conclusive. |accessdate=24. veebruar 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="Oduwole">{{cite journal|last=Oduwole|first=O|coauthors=Meremikwu, MM, Oyo-Ita, A, Udoh, EE|title=Honey for acute cough in children.|journal=Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online)|date=2010 Jan 20|issue=1|pages=CD007094|pmid=20091616|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD007094.pub2}}</ref>
<ref name="Kassel">{{cite journal|last=Kassel|first=JC|coauthors=King, D, Spurling, GK|title=Saline nasal irrigation for acute upper respiratory tract infections.|journal=Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online)|date=2010 Mar 17|issue=3|pages=CD006821|pmid=20238351|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD006821.pub2}}</ref>
<ref name="nhs">{{cite web |url= http://www.nhs.uk/news/2011/02February/Pages/zinc-for-the-common-cold.aspx |title=Zinc for the common cold - Health News - NHS Choices |first= |last= |work=nhs.uk |year=2012 [last update] |quote=In this review, there was a high level of heterogeneity between the studies that were pooled to determine the effect of zinc on the duration of cold symptoms. This may suggest that it was inappropriate to pool them. It certainly makes this particular finding less conclusive. |accessdate=24. veebruar 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="Heimer2009">{{cite journal |doi= 10.1111/j.1745-7599.2009.00409.x|pmid= 19432914 |title= Examining the evidence for the use of vitamin C in the prophylaxis and treatment of the common cold|journal= Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners |issue= 5|pages=295–300 |year=2009 |last1=Heiner |first1= Kathryn A |last2= Hart |first2= Ann Marie |last3= Martin |first3= Linda Gore |last4= Rubio-Wallace |first4= Sherrie |volume=21}}</ref>
<ref name=CochE06>{{cite journal |author=Linde K, Barrett B, Wölkart K, Bauer R, Melchart D |editor1-last=Linde |editor1-first=Klaus |title=Echinacea for preventing and treating the common cold |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev |issue=1 |pages=CD000530 |year=2006 |pmid=16437427 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD000530.pub2 }}</ref>
<ref name="Sachin">{{cite journal|title=Evaluation of echinacea for the prevention and treatment of the common cold: a meta-analysis|author=Sachin A Shah, Stephen Sander, C Michael White, Mike Rinaldi, Craig I Coleman|journal=The Lancet Infectious Diseases|year=2007|volume=7|issue=7|pmid=17597571|pages=473–480|doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(07)70160-3 }}</ref>
<ref name=AFP07>{{cite journal | author = Simasek M, Blandino DA | title = Treatment of the common cold | journal = American Family Physician | volume = 75 | issue = 4 | pages = 515–20 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17323712 | url = http://www.aafp.org/afp/20070215/515.html}}</ref> Rates of symptomatic infections increase in the elderly due to a worsening immune system.<ref name=E78>Eccles Pg. 78</ref>
<ref name="Etymology">{{cite web | publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary | url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=cold | title=Cold | accessdate=12. jaanuar 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Inessential">{{cite book|last=Kee |first=Malesky|title=All Facts Considered: The Essential Library of Inessential Knowledge|year=2010|publisher=Wiley|location=|isbn=978-0470559659|pages=288|url=http://books.google.ee/books?id=fy33W4MRlEMC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|edition=}}</ref>
140. rida ⟶ 137. rida:
<ref name="Kirkpatrick">{{cite journal |author=Kirkpatrick GL |title=The common cold |journal=Prim. Care |volume=23 |issue=4 |pages=657–75 |year=1996 |month=Detsember |pmid=8890137 |doi=10.1016/S0095-4543(05)70355-9 }}</ref>
<ref name="CTgov">{{cite news| url = http://www.cnn.com/2009/HEALTH/02/12/cold.genome/| title = Genetic map of cold virus a step toward cure, scientists say| month=Märts| year = 2009| accessdate=28. aprill 2009| publisher = CNN| work = Val Willingham}}</ref>
<ref name="OduwoleOduwole2">{{cite journal|lastlast1=Oduwole|firstfirst1=O|coauthorslast2=Meremikwu, |first2=MM, |last3=Oyo-Ita, |first3=A, |last4=Udoh, |first4=EE|title=Honey for acute cough in children.|journal=The Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online)|date=201023. Jandetsember 202014|issuevolume=112|pages=CD007094|pmid=2009161625536086|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD007094.pub2pub4}}</ref>
 
<ref name="KasselKing">{{cite journal|lastlast1=KasselKing|firstfirst1=JCD|coauthorslast2=Mitchell|first2=B|last3=Williams|first3=CP|last4=King, D, Spurling, |first4=GK|title=Saline nasal irrigation for acute upper respiratory tract infections.|journal=The Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online)|date=201020. Maraprill 172015|issuevolume=34|pages=CD006821|pmid=2023835125892369|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD006821.pub2pub3}}</ref>
<ref name="Zinc2">{{cite journal|last=Science|first=M.|author2=Johnstone, J. |author3=Roth, D. E. |author4=Guyatt, G. |author5= Loeb, M. |title=Zinc for the treatment of the common cold: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials|journal=Canadian Medical Association Journal|date=10. juuli 2012|volume=184|issue=10|pages=E551–E561|doi=10.1503/cmaj.111990|pmid=22566526|pmc=3394849}}</ref>
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