Lahusti: erinevus redaktsioonide vahel
Eemaldatud sisu Lisatud sisu
Resümee puudub |
Resümee puudub |
||
18. rida:
==Lahustite füüsikalised omadused==
Alltoodud tabelis on olulisemate lahustite [[aine omadused|füüsikalised omadused]] (andmed inglise Wikipedia artiklist "Solvent"). Lahusti [[molekuli polaarsus|polaarsust]] näitab [[keskkonna dielektriline läbitavus|dielektriline konstant]].
<!-- Here is a table of data; skip past it to edit the text. -->
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="margin:auto; text-align:center;"
|-
! Solvent
! [[Keemiline valem]]
! [[Keemistemperatuur]]
! [[keskkonna dielektriline läbitavus|Dielektriline konstant]]
! [[Tihedus]]
! [[Dipoolmoment]]
<!-- ### Mittepolaarsed solvendid ### -->
|- style="background:#ddd;"
| colspan="6"|'''[[molekuli polaarsus|Mittepolaarsed]] solvendid'''
|- style="background:#ddd;"
| [[Pentaan]]
| CH<sub>3</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>3</sub>
| 36 °C
| 1.84
| 0.626 g/ml
| 0.00 D
|- style="background:#ddd;"
| [[Tsüklopentaan]]
| C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>10</sub>
| 40 °C
| 1.97
| 0.751 g/ml
| 0.00 D
|- style="background:#ddd;"
| [[Heksaan]]
| CH<sub>3</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>3</sub>
| 69 °C
| 1.88
| 0.655 g/ml
| 0.00 D
|- style="background:#ddd;"
| [[Tsükloheksaan]]
| C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>12</sub>
| 81 °C
| 2.02
| 0.779 g/ml
| 0.00 D
|- style="background:#ddd;"
| [[Benseen]]
| C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>6</sub>
| 80 °C
| 2.3
| 0.879 g/ml
| 0.00 D
|- style="background:#ddd;"
| [[Tolueen]]
| C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>-CH<sub>3</sub>
| '''111 °C'''
| 2.38
| 0.867 g/ml
| 0.36 D
|- style="background:#ddd;"
| [[1,4-Dioksaan]]
| <u>/-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-O-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-O-\</u>
| '''101 °C'''
| 2.3
| '''1.033 g/ml'''
| 0.45 D
|- style="background:#ddd;"
| [[Kloroform]]
| CHCl<sub>3</sub>
| 61 °C
| 4.81
| '''1.498 g/ml'''
| 1.04 D
|- style="background:#ddd;"
| [[Dietüüleeter]]
| CH<sub>3</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-O-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>3</sub>
| 35 °C
| 4.3
| 0.713 g/ml
| 1.15 D
<!-- ### Polaarsed aprotoonsed solvendid ### -->
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| colspan="6"|'''[[molekuli polaarsus|Polaarsed]] [[aprotoonne lahusti|aprotoonsed]] solvendid'''
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| [[Diklorometaan]] (DCM)
| CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>
| 40 °C
| 9.1
| '''1.3266 g/ml'''
| 1.60 D
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| [[Tetrahüdrofuraan]] (THF)
| <u>/-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-O-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-\</u>
| 66 °C
| 7.5
| 0.886 g/ml
| 1.75 D
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| [[Etüülatsetaat]]
| CH<sub>3</sub>-C(=O)-O-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>3</sub>
| 77 °C
| 6.02
| 0.894 g/ml
| 1.78 D
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| [[Atsetoon]]
| CH<sub>3</sub>-C(=O)-CH<sub>3</sub>
| 56 °C
| 21
| 0.786 g/ml
| '''2.88 D'''
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| [[Dimetüülformamiid]] (DMF)
| H-C(=O)N(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>
| '''153 °C'''
| 38
| 0.944 g/ml
| '''3.82 D'''
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| [[Atsetonitriil]] (MeCN)
| CH<sub>3</sub>-C≡N
| 82 °C
| 37.5
| 0.786 g/ml
| '''3.92 D'''
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| [[Dimetüülsulfoksiid]] (DMSO)
| CH<sub>3</sub>-S(=O)-CH<sub>3</sub>
| '''189 °C'''
| 46.7
| '''1.092 g/ml'''
| '''3.96 D'''
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| [[Propüleenkarbonaat]]
| C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O<sub>3</sub>
| '''240 °C'''
| 64.0
| '''1.205 g/ml'''
| '''4.9 D'''
<!-- ### Polaarsed protoonsed solvendid ### -->
|- style="background:#fcc;"
| colspan="6"|'''Polaarsed [[protoonne lahusti|protoonsed]] solvendid'''
|- style="background:#fcc;"
| [[Sipelghape]]
| H-C(=O)OH
| '''101 °C'''
| 58
| '''1.21 g/ml'''
| 1.41 D
|- style="background:#fcc;"
| [[n-Butanool|''n''-Butanool]]
| CH<sub>3</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-OH</sub>
| '''118 °C'''
| 18
| 0.810 g/ml
| 1.63 D
|- style="background:#fcc;"
| [[Isopropanool]] (IPA)
| CH<sub>3</sub>-CH(-OH)-CH<sub>3</sub>
| 82 °C
| 18
| 0.785 g/ml
| 1.66 D
|- style="background:#fcc;"
| [[1-Propanool|''n''-Propanol]]
| CH<sub>3</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-OH</sub>
| 97 °C
| 20
| 0.803 g/ml
| 1.68 D
|- style="background:#fcc;"
| [[Etanool]]
| CH<sub>3</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-OH</sub>
| 79 °C
| 24.55
| 0.789 g/ml
| 1.69 D
|- style="background:#fcc;"
| [[Metanool]]
| CH<sub>3</sub>-OH
| 65 °C
| 33
| 0.791 g/ml
| 1.70 D
|- style="background:#fcc;"
| [[Äädikhape]]
| CH<sub>3</sub>-C(=O)OH
| '''118 °C'''
| 6.2
| '''1.049 g/ml'''
| 1.74 D
|- style="background:#fcc;"
| [[Nitrometaan]]
| CH<sub>3</sub>-NO<sub>2</sub>
| '''100–103 °C'''
| 35.87
| '''1.1371 g/ml'''
| '''3.56 D'''
|- style="background:#fcc;"
| [[Vesi]]
| H-O-H
| 100 °C
| 80
| 1.000 g/ml
| 1.85 D
|}
==Vaata ka==
| |||