Kohvipuu: erinevus redaktsioonide vahel
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24. rida:
'''Kohvipuu''' (''Coffea'') on [[igihaljus|igihaljaste]] [[lehtpuu]]de ja -[[põõsas]]te perekond [[madaralised|madaraliste]] sugukonnast.
==Süstemaatika ja taksonoomia==
Tuntakse üle 90 liigi<ref>http://www.mnhn.fr/publication/adanson/a01n2a15.pdf</ref>.
Perekonna ''Coffea'' esitas [[1753]] durch [[Carl von Linné]] raamatus "[[Species Plantarum]]", lk 172.
''Coffea'' <span class="Person">L.</span> [[sünonüüm (bioloogia)|sünonüüm]]id on ''Buseria'' <span class="Person">T.Durand</span>, ''Cafe'' <span class="Person">Adans.</span>, ''Hexepta'' <span class="Person">Raf.</span>, ''Leiochilus'' <span class="Person">Hook. f.</span>, ''Nescidia'' <span class="Person">A.Rich.</span>, ''Paolia'' <span class="Person">Chiov.</span>, ''Pleurocoffea'' <span class="Person">Baill.</span>, ''Psilanthopsis'' <span class="Person">A.Chev.</span> ja ''Solenixora'' <span class="Person">Baill.</span>.
Perekond ''Coffea'' jaguneb [[alamperekond]]adeks ''[[Baracoffea]]'' ja ''[[Coffea (alamperekond)|Coffea]]''<ref name="GRIN" />
Perekonda kuulub umbes 124 liiki. Mõned neist avastati alles 21. sajandil.
Kohvipuu perekond kuulub [[madaralised|madaraliste]] sugukonna alamsugukonna ''[[Ixoroideae]]'' [[triibus]]esse ''[[Coffeeae]]''.
Üheksat liiki kasvatatakse ja kasutatakse kohvi valmistamiseks.
Siin on loetletud tunnustatud liigid<ref name="KEWlist" />. Autoritähise kõrval on ära toodud ka esmakirjelduse aasta.
* ''[[Coffea abbayesii]]'' <span class="Person">J.-F.Leroy</span>, J. Agric. Trop. Bot. Appl. 8: 18 (1961).
* ''[[Coffea affinis]]'' <span class="Person">De Wild.</span>, Agric. Prat. Pays Chauds 4: 113 (1904).
* ''[[Coffea alleizettii]]'' <span class="Person">Dubard</span>, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 13: 280 (1907).
* ''[[Coffea ambanjensis]]'' <span class="Person">J.-F.Leroy</span>, J. Agric. Trop. Bot. Appl. 8: 16 (1961).
* ''[[Coffea andrambovatensis]]'' <span class="Person">J.-F.Leroy</span>, J. Agric. Trop. Bot. Appl. 9: 528 (1962).
* ''[[Coffea ankaranensis]]'' <span class="Person">J.-F.Leroy ex A.P.Davis & Rakotonas.</span>, Adansonia, III, 23: 339 (2001).
* ''Coffea arabica'' ([[araabia kohvipuu]]) ( <span class="Person">L.</span>), Sp. Pl.: 172 (1753).
** sealhulgas Etoopias kasvatatav sort [[Sidamo]].
* ''[[Coffea arenesiana]]'' <span class="Person">J.-F.Leroy</span>, J. Agric. Trop. Bot. Appl. 8: 14 (1961).
* ''[[Coffea augagneurii]]'' <span class="Person">Dubard</span>, Agric. Prat. Pays Chauds 6: 519 (1906).
* ''[[Coffea bakossii]]'' <span class="Person">Cheek & Bridson</span>, Kew Bull. 57: 676 (2002).
* ''[[Coffea benghalensis]]'', metsik ja kultuurtaim Bengalis
* ''[[Coffea bertrandii]]'' <span class="Person">A.Chev.</span>, Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 17: 824 (1937).
* ''[[Coffea betamponensis]]'' <span class="Person">Portères & J.-F.Leroy</span>, J. Agric. Trop. Bot. Appl. 9: 201 (1962).
* ''[[Coffea boiviniana]]'' <span class="Person">(Baill.) Drake in A.Grandidier</span>, Hist. Phys. Madagascar 36(6, Atlas 4): t. 415b (1897):
** ''Coffea boiviniana'' <span class="Person">(Baill.) Drake in A.Grandidier</span> subsp. ''boiviniana''.
** ''Coffea boiviniana'' subsp. ''drakei'' <span class="Person">J.-F.Leroy</span>, J. Agric. Trop. Bot. Appl. 9: 529 (1962).
* ''[[Coffea bonnieri]]'' <span class="Person">Dubard</span>, Agric. Prat. Pays Chauds 5: 96 (1905).
* ''[[Coffea brevipes]]'' <span class="Person">Hiern</span>, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 1: 172 (1876).
* ''[[Coffea bridsoniae]]'' <span class="Person">A.P.Davis & Mvungi</span>, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 146: 238 (2004).
* ''[[Coffea buxifolia]]'' <span class="Person">A.Chev.</span>, Cafeiers du Globe 1: 106 (1929).
* ''Coffea canephora'' ([[kongo kohvipuu]] <span class="Person">Pierre ex A.Froehner</span>), Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 1: 237 (1897). Sünonüüm: ''Coffea robusta''
* ''[[Coffea carrissoi]]'' <span class="Person">A.Chev.</span>, Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 19: 401 (1939).
* ''[[Coffea commersoniana]]'' <span class="Person">(Baill.) A.Chev.</span>, Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 18: 835 (1938).
* ''[[Coffea congensis]]'' <span class="Person">A.Froehner</span>, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 1: 235 (1897).
* ''[[Coffea costatifructa]]'' <span class="Person">Bridson</span>, Kew Bull. 49: 338 (1994).
* ''[[Coffea coursiana]]'' <span class="Person">J.-F.Leroy</span>, J. Agric. Trop. Bot. Appl. 8: 8 (1961).
** ''Coffea coursiana'' subsp. ''coursiana''.
** ''Coffea coursiana'' subsp. ''littoralis'' <span class="Person">J.-F.Leroy</span>, J. Agric. Trop. Bot. Appl. 9: 529 (1962).
* ''[[Coffea dactylifera]]'' <span class="Person">Robbr. & Stoff.</span>, Syst. Geogr. Pl. 69: 121 (1999).
* ''[[Coffea decaryana]]'' <span class="Person">J.-F.Leroy</span>, J. Agric. Trop. Bot. Appl. 8: 541 (1961).
* ''[[Coffea dubardii]]'' <span class="Person">Jum.</span>, Ann. Inst. Bot.-Géol. Colon. Marseille, V, 1(4): 10 (1933).
* ''[[Coffea eugenioides]]'' <span class="Person">S.Moore</span>, J. Bot. 45: 43 (1907).
* ''[[Coffea fadenii]]'' <span class="Person">Bridson</span>, Kew Bull. 36: 827 (1982).
* ''[[Coffea farafanganensis]]'' <span class="Person">J.-F.Leroy</span>, J. Agric. Trop. Bot. Appl. 8: 15 (1961).
* ''[[Coffea fotsoana]]'' <span class="Person">Stoff. & Sonké</span>, Adansonia, III, 26: 155 (2004).
* ''[[Coffea fragilis]]'' <span class="Person">J.-F.Leroy</span>, J. Agric. Trop. Bot. Appl. 8: 19 (1961).
* ''[[Coffea gallienii]]'' <span class="Person">Dubard</span>, Agric. Prat. Pays Chauds 5: 93 (1905).
* ''[[Coffea grevei]]'' <span class="Person">Drake ex A.Chev.</span>, Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 18: 836 (1938).
* ''[[Coffea heimii]]'' <span class="Person">J.-F.Leroy</span>, J. Agric. Trop. Bot. Appl. 9: 242 (1962).
* ''[[Coffea heterocalyx]]'' <span class="Person">Stoff.</span>, Belgian J. Bot. 129: 72 (1997).
* ''[[Coffea homollei]]'' <span class="Person">J.-F.Leroy</span>, J. Agric. Trop. Bot. Appl. 8: 9 (1961).
* ''[[Coffea humbertii]]'' <span class="Person">J.-F.Leroy</span>, J. Agric. Trop. Bot. Appl. 8: 11 (1961).
* ''[[Coffea humblotiana]]'' <span class="Person">Baill.</span>, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 514 (1885).
* ''[[Coffea humilis]]'' <span class="Person">A.Chev.</span>, Compt. Rend. Hebd. Séances Acad. Sci. 145: 349 (1907).
* ''[[Coffea jumellei]]'' <span class="Person">J.-F.Leroy</span>, Adansonia, n.s., 12: 352 (1972).
* ''[[Coffea kapakata]]'' <span class="Person">(A.Chev.) Bridson</span>, Kew Bull. 49: 340 (1994).
* ''[[Coffea kianjavatensis]]'' <span class="Person">J.-F.Leroy</span>, Adansonia 12: 322 (1972).
* ''[[Coffea kihansiensis]]'' <span class="Person">A.P.Davis & Mvungi</span>, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 146: 241 (2004).
* ''[[Coffea kimbozensis]]'' <span class="Person">Bridson</span>, Kew Bull. 49: 331 (1994).
* ''[[Coffea kivuensis]]'' <span class="Person">Lebrun</span>, Rev. Zool. Bot. Africaines 22: 43 (1932).
* ''[[Coffea lancifolia]]'' <span class="Person">A.Chev.</span>, Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 18: 829 (1938).
** ''Coffea lancifolia'' var. ''auriculata'' <span class="Person">J.-F.Leroy</span>, J. Agric. Trop. Bot. Appl. 9: 224 (1962).
** ''Coffea lancifolia'' var. ''lancifolia''.
* ''[[Coffea leonimontana]]'' <span class="Person">Stoff.</span>, Belgian J. Bot. 129: 72 (1997).
* ''[[Coffea leroyi]]'' <span class="Person">A.P.Davis</span>, Kew Bull. 55: 411 (2000).
* ''[[Coffea liaudii]]'' <span class="Person">J.-F.Leroy ex A.P.Davis</span>, Kew Bull. 55: 409 (2000).
* ''Coffea liberica'' ([[libeeria kohvipuu]]) <span class="Person">Hiern</span>, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 1: 171 (1876).
** ''Coffea liberica'' f. ''bwambensis'' <span class="Person">Bridson</span>, Kew Bull. 37: 314 (1982).
** ''Coffea liberica'' var. ''dewevrei'' ([[kõrge kohvipuu]])<span class="Person">(De Wild. & T.Durand) Lebrun</span>, Mém. Inst. Roy. Colon. Belge, Sect. Sci. Nat. (8vo) 11(3): 168 (1941).
** ''Coffea liberica'' var. ''liberica''.
* ''[[Coffea ligustroides]]'' <span class="Person">S.Moore</span>, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 40: 94 (1911).
* ''[[Coffea littoralis]]'' <span class="Person">A.P.Davis & Rakotonas.</span>, Adansonia, III, 23: 138 (2001).
* ''[[Coffea lulandoensis]]'' <span class="Person">Bridson</span>, Kew Bull. 49: 333 (1994).
* ''[[Coffea macrocarpa]]'' <span class="Person">A.Rich.</span>, Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 5: 168 (1834).
* ''[[Coffea magnistipula]]'' <span class="Person">Stoff. & Robbr.</span>, Taxon 46: 39 (1997).
* ''[[Coffea mangoroensis]]'' <span class="Person">Portères</span>, J. Agric. Trop. Bot. Appl. 9: 204 (1962).
* ''[[Coffea manombensis]]'' <span class="Person">A.P.Davis</span>, Kew Bull. 55: 406 (2000).
* ''[[Coffea mauritiana]]'' <span class="Person">Lam.</span>, Encycl. 1: 550 (1785).
* ''[[Coffea mayombensis]]'' <span class="Person">A.Chev.</span>, Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 19: 402 (1939).
* ''[[Coffea mcphersonii]]'' <span class="Person">A.P.Davis & Rakotonas.</span>, Adansonia, III, 23: 141 (2001).
* ''[[Coffea millotii]]'' <span class="Person">J.-F.Leroy</span>, J. Agric. Trop. Bot. Appl. 8: 13 (1961).
* ''[[Coffea minutiflora]]'' <span class="Person">A.P.Davis & Rakotonas.</span>, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 142: 113 (2003).
* ''[[Coffea mogenetii]]'' <span class="Person">Dubard</span>, Agric. Prat. Pays Chauds 5: 99 (1905).
* ''[[Coffea mongensis]]'' <span class="Person">Bridson</span>, Kew Bull. 36: 829 (1982).
* ''[[Coffea montekupensis]]'' <span class="Person">Stoff.</span>, Kew Bull. 52: 990 (1997).
* ''[[Coffea montis-sacri]]'' <span class="Person">A.P.Davis</span>, Kew Bull. 56: 485 (2001).
* ''[[Coffea moratii]]'' <span class="Person">J.-F.Leroy ex A.P.Davis & Rakotonas.</span>, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 142: 115 (2003).
* ''[[Coffea mufindiensis]]'' <span class="Person">Hutch. ex Bridson</span>, Kew Bull. 36: 842 (1982).
** ''Coffea mufindiensis'' subsp. ''australis'' <span class="Person">Bridson</span>, Kew Bull. 36: 844 (1982).
** ''Coffea mufindiensis'' subsp. ''lundaziensis'' <span class="Person">Bridson</span>, Kew Bull. 36: 844 (1982).
** ''Coffea mufindiensis'' subsp. ''mufindiensis''.
** ''Coffea mufindiensis'' subsp. ''pawekiana'' <span class="Person">(Bridson) Bridson</span>, Kew Bull. 41: 309 (1986).
* ''[[Coffea myrtifolia]]'' <span class="Person">(A.Rich. ex DC.) J.-F.Leroy</span>, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia 6: 373 (1984).
* ''[[Coffea perrieri]]'' <span class="Person">Drake ex Jum. & H.Perrier</span>, Ann. Inst. Bot.-Géol. Colon. Marseille, II, 8: 464 (1910).
* ''[[Coffea pervilleana]]'' <span class="Person">(Baill.) Drake in A.Grandidier</span>, Hist. Phys. Madagascar 36(6, atlas4): t. 415 (1897).
* ''[[Coffea pocsii]]'' <span class="Person">Bridson</span>, Kew Bull. 49: 336 (1994).
* ''[[Coffea pseudozanguebariae]]'' <span class="Person">Bridson</span>, Kew Bull. 36: 835 (1982).
* ''[[Coffea racemosa]]'' <span class="Person">Lour.</span>, Fl. Cochinch.: 145 (1790).
* ''[[Coffea rakotonasoloi]]'' <span class="Person">A.P.Davis</span>, Kew Bull. 56: 481 (2001).
* ''[[Coffea ratsimamangae]]'' <span class="Person">J.-F.Leroy ex A.P.Davis & Rakotonas.</span>, Adansonia, III, 23: 143 (2001).
* ''[[Coffea resinosa]]'' <span class="Person">(Hook. f.) Radlk.</span>, Abh. Naturwiss. Vereine Bremen 8: 392 (1883).
* ''[[Coffea rhamnifolia]]'' <span class="Person">(Chiov.) Bridson</span>, Kew Bull. 38: 320 (1983).
* ''[[Coffea richardii]]'' <span class="Person">J.-F.Leroy</span>, J. Agric. Trop. Bot. Appl. 8: 17 (1961).
* ''[[Coffea sahafaryensis]]'' <span class="Person">J.-F.Leroy</span>, J. Agric. Trop. Bot. Appl. 9: 528 (1962).
* ''[[Coffea sakarahae]]'' <span class="Person">J.-F.Leroy</span>, J. Agric. Trop. Bot. Appl. 9: 525 (1962).
* ''[[Coffea salvatrix]]'' <span class="Person">Swynn. & Philipson</span>, J. Bot. 74: 314 (1936).
* ''[[Coffea sambavensis]]'' <span class="Person">J.-F.Leroy ex A.P.Davis & Rakotonas.</span>, Adansonia, III, 23: 340 (2001).
* ''[[Coffea schliebenii]]'' <span class="Person">Bridson</span>, Kew Bull. 49: 335 (1994).
* ''[[Coffea sessiliflora]]'' <span class="Person">Bridson</span>, Kew Bull. 41: 307 (1986).
** ''Coffea sessiliflora'' subsp. ''mwasumbii'' <span class="Person">Bridson</span>, Kew Bull. 41: 308 (1986).
** ''Coffea sessiliflora'' subsp. ''sessiliflora''.
* ''[[Coffea stenophylla]]'' ([[ahtalehine kohvipuu]])<span class="Person">G.Don</span>, Gen. Hist. 3: 581 (1834).
* ''[[Coffea tetragona]]'' <span class="Person">Jum. & H.Perrier</span>, Ann. Inst. Bot.-Géol. Colon. Marseille, II, 8: 466 (1910).
* ''[[Coffea togoensis]]'' <span class="Person">A.Chev.</span>, Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 19: 402 (1939).
* ''[[Coffea tricalysioides]]'' <span class="Person">J.-F.Leroy</span>, J. Agric. Trop. Bot. Appl. 8: 10 (1961).
* ''[[Coffea tsirananae]]'' <span class="Person">J.-F.Leroy</span>, Adansonia, n.s., 12: 319 (1972).
* ''[[Coffea vatovavyensis]]'' <span class="Person">J.-F.Leroy</span>, J. Agric. Trop. Bot. Appl. 9: 527 (1962).
* ''[[Coffea vavateninensis]]'' <span class="Person">J.-F.Leroy</span>, J. Agric. Trop. Bot. Appl. 9: 229 (1962).
* ''[[Coffea vianneyi]]'' <span class="Person">J.-F.Leroy</span>, J. Agric. Trop. Bot. Appl. 9: 222 (1962).
* ''[[Coffea vohemarensis]]'' <span class="Person">A.P.Davis & Rakotonas.</span>, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 142: 111 (2003).
* ''[[Coffea zanguebariae]]'' <span class="Person">Lour.</span>, Fl. Cochinch.: 145 (1790).
==Levila==
Kohvipuude looduslikuks levilaks on [[Aafrika manner|Aafrika mandri]] [[troopika|troopilised]] alad.
==Välimus==
Kohvipuul on [[lihtleht|lihtlehed]]. Valged või kreemjad [[jasmiin]]ilõhnalised [[õis|õied]] asetsevad [[ebasarikas|ebasarikaina]]. Punases, kollases või mustas [[luuvili|luuviljas]] on harilikult kaks [[seeme]]t ehk nn [[kohviuba]], mis ei ole botaanilises mõttes oad. Seemned võivad olla kollakashallid või sinakasrohelised. Esialgu on viljad rohelised, küpsedes aga muutuvad punaseks ja meenutavad pisut kirsse. Kohvipuu vili on korjamiseks küps umbes 8 kuuga. Üks kohvipõõsas toodab aastas keskmiselt 2,5 kilo vilju, millest saadakse ligikaudu 0,5 kg kohviube.
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