|
! Risti nimi !! Kirjeldus !! Pilt
|-
| | '''[[Ladina rist]]'''
| '''Ladina rist''' ehk '''''crux ordinaria'''''. Levinuim sümbol kristluses, mis tähistab Jeesuse surma läbi risti löömise.
|
|align="center"|[[Pilt:Christian cross.svg|75px]]
'''Ladina rist''' ehk '''''crux ordinaria'''''. Levinuim sümbol kristluses, mis tähistab Jeesuse surma läbi risti löömise.
|align="center"|[[Image:Christian cross.svg|75px]]
|-
| | '''[[Ankh]]'''
| Ankh oli kasutusel [[hieroglüüf|egiptuse hieroglüüfina]]. Hieroglüüfina tähistas ankh alguses [[Vana-Egiptus|Egiptus]]e sõna ('peegel' või 'pilt'), aga hiljem sai elu tähistavaks sümboliks. [[Ladina keel|Ladinakeelne]] nimetus on ''crux ansata''.
|
|align="center"|[[Pilt:Ankh.svg|75px]]
Ankh oli kasutusel [[hieroglüüf|egiptuse hieroglüüfina]]. Hieroglüüfina tähistas ankh alguses [[Vana-Egiptus|Egiptus]]e sõna ('peegel' või 'pilt'), aga hiljem sai elu tähistavaks sümboliks. [[Ladina keel|Ladinakeelne]] nimetus on ''crux ansata''.
|align="center"|[[Image:Ankh.svg|75px]]
|-
| | '''Kopti ankh'''
| [[Kopti ankh]] on Ankh, mis kujunes enne algupärast [[Kopti rist]] varajastest[[Gnostik]]utest Egiptuse kristlastelt.
|
|align="center"|[[Pilt:Copticankh.jpg|85px]]
[[Kopti ankh]] on Ankh, mis kujunes enne algupärast [[Kopti rist]] varajastest[[Gnostik]]utest Egiptuse kristlastelt.
|align="center"|[[Image:Copticankh.jpg|85px]]
|-
| | '''algne Kopti rist'''
| Algne [[Kopti rist]] oli kasutusel Egiptuses.
|
|align="center"|[[Pilt:Original Coptic cross.svg|75px]]
Algne [[Kopti rist]] oli kasutusel Egiptuses.
|align="center"|[[Image:Original Coptic cross.svg|75px]]
|-
| | '''[[Päikserist]]'''
| Tuntud ka kui '''Päikeseratas''', '''solar rist''' or '''Odini rist''', kuna [[Odin]]i sümbol [[Põhjamaade mütoloogia]]s oli rings asetsev rist. Seda kasutasid ka ameerika pärismaalased, mis nende kultuuris tähendas suurt elu [[Meditsiini ratas]]t.
|
|align="center"|[[Pilt:Simple crossed circle.svg|120px]]
Tuntud ka kui '''Päikeseratas''', '''solar rist''' or '''Odini rist''', kuna [[Odin]]i sümbol [[Põhjamaade mütoloogia]]s oli rings asetsev rist. Seda kasutasid ka ameerika pärismaalased, mis nende kultuuris tähendas suurt elu [[Meditsiini ratas]]t.
|align="center"|[[Image:Simple crossed circle.svg|120px]]
|-
| | '''Keldi rist'''
| [[Kelti rist]] on tavapärane Iirimaal kirikutes ja surnuaedades.
|
|align="center"|[[Pilt:Ccross.svg|85px]]
[[Kelti rist]] on tavapärane Iirimaal kirikutes ja surnuaedades.
|align="center"|[[Image:Ccross.svg|85px]]
|-
| | '''Kopti rist'''
| Väike ring, millest väljuvad neli ühepikkust joont ja T-kujuliselt painutatud joont nurkadest, mis tähistavad Jeesuse risti löömiseks kasutatud naelu.
|
|align="center"|[[Pilt:Coptic-Cross.svg|120px]]
Väike ring, millest väljuvad neli ühepikkust joont ja T-kujuliselt painutatud joont nurkadest, mis tähistavad Jeesuse risti löömiseks kasutatud naelu.
|align="center"|[[Image:Coptic-Cross.svg|120px]]
|-
| | '''Kanterburi rist'''
| Kasutusel [[Anglikaani]] kirikutes.
|
|align="center"|[[Pilt:Cantercross.svg|120px]]
Kasutusel [[Anglikaani]] kirikutes.
|align="center"|[[Image:Cantercross.svg|120px]]
|-
| | '''[[Kreeka rist]]'''
| Tuntud ka kui '''''crux immissa quadrata'''''.
|
|align="center"|[[Pilt:Greek cross.svg|120px]]
Tuntud ka kui '''''crux immissa quadrata'''''.
|align="center"|[[Image:Greek cross.svg|120px]]
|-
| | '''Idarist'''
| Sümboliseerib hea võitu halva üle.
|
Sümboliseerib hea võitu halva üle.
|align="center"|
|-
| | '''Püha Brigitta rist'''
| Tuntud igal pool Iirimaal.
|
|align="center"|[[Pilt:St Brigid.png|120px]]
Tuntud igal pool Iirimaal.
|align="center"|[[Image:St Brigid.png|120px]]
|-
| | '''[[Labarum]]'''
| Tuntud ka kui ''Chrismon'', ''Chi-Rho''
|
|align="center"|[[Pilt:Labarum.png|120px]]
Tuntud ka kui ''Chrismon'', ''Chi-Rho''
|align="center"|[[Image:Labarum.png|120px]]
|-
| | '''[[Lorraine rist]]'''
|
|align="center"|[[ImagePilt:Croix de Lorraine.png|75px]]
|-
| | '''[[Mariani rist]]'''
| Katoliiklaste poolt traditsioonilise ladina risti kasutamine sümboliseerimaks katoliiklaste pühendumist neitsi Mariale.
|
|align="center"|[[Pilt:Marian Cross.jpg|120px]]
Katoliiklaste poolt traditsioonilise ladina risti kasutamine sümboliseerimaks katoliiklaste pühendumist neitsi Mariale.
|align="center"|[[Image:Marian Cross.jpg|120px]]
|-
| | '''[[Skandinaavia rist]]'''
| Kasutusel erinevatel Põhjamaade lippudel.
|
|align="center"|[[Pilt:Flag of the Faroe Islands.svg|120px]]
Kasutusel erinevatel Põhjamaade lippudel.
|align="center"|[[Image:Flag of the Faroe Islands.svg|120px]]
|-
| | '''Provansi rist'''
|
|align="center"|[[ImagePilt:Cathar cross.svg|120px]]
|-
| | '''[[Paavsti rist]]'''
| Kolm joont sümboliseerivad paavsti kolme rolli: Rooma piiskop, Lääne patriarh ja püha Peetri järglane.
|
|align="center"|[[Pilt:PopesCross.svg|75px]]
Kolm joont sümboliseerivad paavsti kolme rolli: Rooma piiskop, Lääne patriarh ja püha Peetri järglane.
|align="center"|[[Image:PopesCross.svg|75px]]
|-
| | '''Patriarhaalne rist'''
| Sarnaneb traditsioonilisele kristlikule ristile, kuid peamise põiktala kohal on teine, väiksem põiktala, mis sümboliseerib kõiki Õigeusu kristlaste peapiiskope ja patriarhe. Ida-Õigeusu kirik kasutab ka risti, kus on ka kolmas veidi viltune põiklatt. See asub risti jala juures (vaata Bütsantsi rist). Patriarhaalne rist rist sarnaneb Lorraine ja Caravaca ristiga.
|
|align="center"|[[Pilt:Patriarchal cross.svg|75px]]
Sarnaneb traditsioonilisele kristlikule ristile, kuid peamise põiktala kohal on teine, väiksem põiktala, mis sümboliseerib kõiki Õigeusu kristlaste peapiiskope ja patriarhe. Ida-Õigeusu kirik kasutab ka risti, kus on ka kolmas veidi viltune põiklatt. See asub risti jala juures (vaata Bütsantsi rist). Patriarhaalne rist rist sarnaneb Lorraine ja Caravaca ristiga.
|align="center"|[[Image:Patriarchal cross.svg|75px]]
|-
| | '''Presbyterian[[Punane Crossrist]]''' {{tõlkida}}
| Kasutusel maailmas kui meditsiini sümbol. [[Punane kuusirp]] on kasutusel [[islam]]i maades ja [[Magen David Adom]] [[Israel]]is.
|Used by [[Presbyterian]] denominations.
|align="center"|[[ImagePilt:USVAFlag headstoneof emb-04the Red Cross.svg|75px120px]]
|-
| | '''[[PunaneAndrease rist]]'''
| Kasutusel [[Šoti]] rahvuslipul ja naval ensign of the [[Venemaa]] mereväe embleemil, kutsutakse ka '''[[Vapirist]]iks'''. [[Püha Andreas]] olevat surnud märtrisurma selllisel ristil. Ka sümbolit [[X]] võib kutsuda püha andrease ristiks.
|
|align="center"|[[Pilt:Flag of Scotland.svg|120px]]
Kasutusel maailmas kui meditsiini sümbol. [[Punane kuusirp]] on kasutusel [[islam]]i maades ja [[Magen David Adom]] [[Israel]]is.
|align="center"|[[Image:Flag of the Red Cross.svg|120px]]
|-
| | '''[[CrossPüha ofJüri Sacrificerist]]'''
| Kasutusel [[Inglismaa]] rahvuslipul.
|
|align="center"|[[Pilt:Flag of England.svg|120px]]
A Latin cross with a superimposed sword, blade down. It is a symbol used by the [[Commonwealth War Graves Commission]] at the site of many war memorials.
|align="center"|[[Image:A Commonwealth Cross of Sacrifice or War Cross.jpg|75px]]
|-
| | '''[[Flag of Georgia (country)|Royal FlagPüha ofPatriku Georgiarist]]'''
| [[Iirimaa lipp]] koos [[Inglismaa]] lipu detailidega.
|
|align="center"|[[Pilt:St_Patrick's_saltire.svg|120px]]
Used in [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] as national flag, first used by [[Georgia (country)|Georgian]] King [[Vakhtang Gorgasali]] in the 5th century and later adopted by Queen [[Tamar of Georgia]] in the 13th century. The flag depicts a Jerusalem cross, adopted during the reign of [[George V of Georgia]] who drove out the [[Mongols]] from Georgia in 1334.
|align="center"|[[Image:Flag of Georgia.svg|120px]]
|-
| | '''[[GrapevinePüha cross|St.Peetruse Nino's Crossrist]]/Tagurpidi rist'''
| Tagurpidi pööratud ladina rist, mille põhimõte pärineb sellel, et [[Püha Peetrus]] suri märtrisurma ristile olles ristil tagupidi. Tänapäeval kasutavad seda [[antikristlane|antikristlased]] või [[satanism|satanistlikud]] grupid.
|
|align="center"|[[Pilt:Peter's Cross.svg|75px]]
Also known as a "[[Grapevine cross]]" and traditionally ascribed to [[Saint Nino]], the 4th-century female baptizer of the Georgians, it is used as a symbol of the [[Georgian Orthodox Church]].
|align="center"|[[Image:SaintNinoCross.jpg|75px]]
|-
| | '''[[NasraniPealuu Menorah|St.ja Thomasristatud Crosskondid]]'''
| See pole küll otseselt rist, kuid sellel on kujutatud ristatud konte, mille peal on [[pealuu]]. Tavaliselt seondatakse seda [[piraat]]idega, kuid tegelikultei kasutanud nad seda eriti tihedalt, sest igal laeval oli oma disainiga lipp, millel oli tihti kasutusel [[liivakell]].
|
|align="center"|[[Pilt:Skull and crossbones.svg|120px]]
Also known as a "[[Mar Thoma Cross]]" and traditionally ascribed to [[Saint Thomas]],the Apostole of India, it is used as a symbol of the [[Syro Malabar Catholic Church]] and venerated by all [[Saint Thomas Christians]] denominations.
|align="center"|[[Image:St._Thomas_Cross.jpg|100px]]
|-
| | '''[[AndreaseVaraste rist]]'''
| Tuntud ka kui '''Furka rist'''. [[Kahvel|Kahvli]] kujuga, meenutab tähte [[Y]]. [http://www.seiyaku.com/customs/crosses/forked.html]
|
Kasutusel [[Šoti]] rahvuslipul ja naval ensign of the [[Venemaa]] mereväe embleemil, kutsutakse ka '''[[Vapirist]]iks'''. [[Püha Andreas]] olevat surnud märtrisurma selllisel ristil. Ka sümbolit [[X]] võib kutsuda püha andrease ristiks.
|align="center"|[[Image:Flag of Scotland.svg|120px]]
|-
| | '''[[Püha JüriMeremeeste rist]]'''
| Meremeeste rist on rist, mis on tuletatud [[ankur|ankru]] kujutsest.
|
|align="center"|[[Pilt:Mariner's Cross.svg|75px]]
Kasutusel [[Inglismaa]] rahvuslipul.
|align="center"|[[Image:Flag of England.svg|120px]]
|-
|-
| | '''[[Püha Patriku rist]]'''
|
[[Iirimaa lipp]] koos [[Inglismaa]] lipu detailidega.
|align="center"|[[Image:St_Patrick's_saltire.svg|120px]]
|-
| | '''[[Püha Peetruse rist]]/Tagurpidi rist'''
|
Tagurpidi pööratud ladina rist, mille põhimõte pärineb sellel, et [[Püha Peetrus]] suri märtrisurma ristile olles ristil tagupidi. Tänapäeval kasutavad seda [[antikristlane|antikristlased]] või [[satanism|satanistlikud]] grupid.
|align="center"|[[Image:Peter's Cross.svg|75px]]
|-
| | '''[[Pealuu ja ristatud kondid]]'''
|
See pole küll otseselt rist, kuid sellel on kujutatud ristatud konte, mille peal on [[pealuu]]. Tavaliselt seondatakse seda [[piraat]]idega, kuid tegelikultei kasutanud nad seda eriti tihedalt, sest igal laeval oli oma disainiga lipp, millel oli tihti kasutusel [[liivakell]].
|align="center"|[[Image:Skull and crossbones.svg|120px]]
|-
| | '''[[Tau rist]]'''
|
Also known as '''[[Anthony the Great|Saint Anthony]]'s Cross''', the '''Egyptian Cross''' and the '''''crux commissa'''''. It is shaped like the letter [[T]]. [[Francis of Assisi]] used it as his signature.
|align="center"|[[Image:Te cross.svg|75px]]
|-
| | '''Varaste rist'''
|
Tuntud ka kui '''Furka rist'''. [[Kahvel|Kahvli]] kujuga, meenutab tähte [[Y]]. [http://www.seiyaku.com/customs/crosses/forked.html]
|
<!--no picture yet available-->
|-
| | '''Meremeeste rist'''
|
'''Meremeeste rist''' on rist, mis on tuletatud [[ankur|ankru]] kujutsest. [[Mariner's Cross]] is also referred to as ''[[Pope Clement I|St. Clement's Cross]]'' in reference to the way he was martyred.
|align="center"|[[Image:Mariner's Cross.svg|75px]]
|-
| |[[Order of Christ Cross]]
|
Algselt kasutusel [[Portugal]]i [[Order of Christ]].
Since then it has become a symbol of [[Portugal]], used on the sails of the [[carracks]] during the [[History of Portugal (1419-1499)|Discoveries]] [[Era]], and currently by the [[Portuguese Air Force]].
|align="center"|[[Image:OrderOfCristCross.svg|120px]]
|-
| | '''[[Rõngasrist]]'''
|
Rõngasrist ehk päikeseratas ehk päikeserist ehk ratasrist on rist, mis koosneb rõngast ja ristist. Näiteks '''[[Kareda vald]]''' kasutab oma vapil rõngasristi.
|align="center"|[[Image:Celtic-style crossed circle.svg|120px]]
|-
| '''[[Rõngasrist]]'''
| Rõngasrist ehk päikeseratas ehk päikeserist ehk ratasrist on rist, mis koosneb rõngast ja ristist. Näiteks '''[[Kareda vald]]''' kasutab oma vapil rõngasristi.
|align="center"|[[Pilt:Celtic-style crossed circle.svg|120px]]
|}
==In heraldry==<!-- Several links redirect here -->
These crosses are ones used primarily or exclusively in [[heraldry]] and do not necessarily have any special meanings commonly associated with them. Not all the crosses of heraldry and the crosses with commonly known contexts are listed below.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Risti nimi !! Kirjeldus !! Pilt
|-
| | The cross as '''heraldic "ordinary"'''
|
A simple [[Heraldry|heraldic]] cross (the default if there are no additional specifying words) has arms of roughly equal length, artistically proportioned to the particular shape of the shield, which extend to the edges of the shield. Illustrated is the [[blazon]] "Azure, a cross Or" (i.e. a gold cross on a blue shield).
A cross which does not extend to the edges of the shield is ''humetty'', in heraldic terminology.
|align="center"|[[Image:Azure-Cross-Or-Heraldry.svg|120px]]
|-
| | '''[[Anchored cross|Cross anchry]]'''
|
A stylized cross in the shape of an anchor. Also known as the '''anchored cross''' or '''mariner's cross'''.
|align="center"|[[Image:Mariner's Cross.svg|80px]]
|-
| | '''[[Cross barbée]]'''
|
Also known as the '''cross barby''' or '''arrow cross''', this symbol consists of two double-ended arrows in a cross configuration. Best known today for its use by the [[fascist]] [[Arrow Cross Party]] in the 1930s, the symbol actually dates to ancient times and was used by [[Hungary|Hungarian]] tribes in the [[Middle Ages]]. In [[Christian]] use, the ends of this cross resemble the barbs of fish hooks, or fish spears. This alludes to the [[Ichthys]] symbol of [[Christ]], and is suggestive of the "fishers of men" theme in the [[Gospel]].
|align="center"|[[Image:ArrowCross.svg|120px]]
|-
| | '''Cross bottony'''
|
A cross with the ends of the arms [[bottony]] (or botonny), i.e. shaped like an architectural [[trefoil]]. It occurs counterchanged on the [[flag of Maryland]].
|align="center"|[[Image:Cross-Bottony-Heraldry.svg|120px]]
|-
| | '''[[Cross cercelée]]'''
|
A cross which, opening at the ends, turns round both ways, like a [[ram (animal)|ram]]'s horns.
|align="center"|[[Image:Cross Cercelée.svg|120px]]
|-
| | '''Cross crosslet'''
|
A cross with the ends of each arm crossed.
|align="center"|[[Image:Cross-Crosslet-Heraldry.svg|120px]]
|-
| | '''Crusaders' cross'''
|
Also known as the '''Jerusalem cross'''. This cross was the symbol of the [[Crusade]]r [[Kingdom of Jerusalem]], which existed for almost two hundred years after the First Crusade. The four smaller crosses are said to symbolize either the four books of the Gospel or the four directions in which the Word of Christ spread from Jerusalem. Alternately, all five crosses can symbolize the five wounds of Christ during the Passion. This symbol is also used in the [[Flag of Georgia (country)|flag of Georgia]].
|align="center"|[[Image:Crusaders.gif|120px]]
|-
| | '''[[Cross fleury]]'''
|
A cross with the ends of the arms fleury (or flory), having a shape like a [[fleur-de-lys]].
|align="center"|[[Image:Cross-Flory-Heraldry.svg|120px]]
|-
| | '''Cross fourchee'''
|
One form of the heraldic cross fourchee (fourchée, fourchy) or cross fourche (meaning "forked").
|align="center"|[[Image:Cross-Fourchee-Heraldry.svg|120px]]
|-
| | '''[[Fylfot|Cross fylfot]]'''
|
Upright cross with truncated bent arms
|align="center"|[[Image:Argent a fylfot azure.ant.png|100px]]
|-
| | '''[[Jeruusalemi rist]]'''
|
A variant of the Crusaders' cross with cross potent. It is also the logo for the [[Order of the Holy Sepulchre| Knights and Dames of the Holy Sepulcher of Jerusalem]] as well as the Franciscan order's Custody of the Holy Land. The [[Kairos retreat]] bestows this cross on its participants.
|align="center"|[[Image:Cross-Jerusalem-Potent-Heraldry.svg|120px]]
|-
| | '''[[Maltese Cross (symbol)|Maltese cross]]'''
|
With arms which narrow towards the center, and are indented at the ends. The "eight-pointed cross" (with no curved lines).
|align="center"|[[Image:Maltese-Cross-Heraldry.svg|120px]]
|-
| | '''[[Cross moline]]'''
|
In a cross moline, the ends of the arms are split and curved back.
|align="center"|[[Image:Cross-Moline-Heraldry.svg|120px]]
|-
| | '''Cross patonce'''
|
A cross patonce is more or less intermediate between a cross pattée and a cross flory (or fleury).
|align="center"|[[Image:Cross-Patonce-Heraldry.svg|120px]]
|-
| | '''[[Cross pattée]]'''
|
A cross pattee (pattée, patty) has arms narrowing towards the centre, but with non-indented ends. See also [[Iron Cross]].
|align="center"|[[Image:Cross-Pattee-Heraldry.svg|120px]]
|-
| | '''Cross pommee'''
|
A cross pommee (pommée, pommy) has a circular knob at the end of each arm.
|align="center"|[[Image:Cross-Pommee-Heraldry.svg|120px]]
|-
| | '''Cross [[potent]]'''
|
This cross has a crossbar at the end of each of its arms. "Potent" is an old word for a crutch, and is used in heraldic terminology to describe a T shape. This cross was used as a crest by [[Konishi Yukinaga]], a Christian daimyo under [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]].
|align="center"|[[Image:Cross-Potent-Heraldry.svg|120px]]
|-
| | '''Quadrate'''
|
A cross with a square at the intersection point.
|align="center"|[[Image:Quadrate.gif|120px]]
|-
| | '''Cross triple parted and fretted'''
|
In heraldry, a "cross triple parted and fretted" (or "treble parted and fretted") is interlaced. Here, a version which is "Or on an Azure field" (gold on blue) is shown.
|align="center"|[[Image:Cross-Triple-Parted-Fretted-Or.svg|120px]]
|-
| | '''Cross voided'''
|
A "cross voided throughout", also known as the '''Gammadia''', can be seen as a Greek cross with its centre lines removed, or as composed of four angles (L shapes) separated by a thin space. So the name "gammadia" refers to its being made up of four shapes similar to a capital Greek letter [[gamma]]; the word ''gammadion'' can also refer to a [[swastika]].
|align="center"|[[Image:Cross-Voided.svg]]
|-
| | '''Cross fitchy'''
|A '''cross fitchy''' is a variation where the lower part is fashioned as a sword blade. This can be combined with other variations, e.g. ''cross crosslet fitchy''.
|align="center"|[[Image:Croix recroisetée au pied fiché.svg|120px]]
|-
| | '''[[Cross of St James]]'''
|
The '''Cross of St. James''', similar to a Cross Flory Fitch, is formed by a [[Cross#In heraldry|Cross Flory]], where the lower part is fashioned as a sword blade (fitched)—making this a cross of a warrior. It is most frequently depicted in red. (The version depicted here is the one used by the [[order of Santiago]].)
|align="center"|[[Image:Cross Santiago.svg|120px]]
|}
There are numerous other variations on the cross in heraldry. See [[heraldry]] for background information.
The semi-classic book [http://www.heraldsnet.org/saitou/parker/Jpglossc.htm#Cross ''A Glossary of Terms Used in Heraldry'' by James Parker (1894)] is online, and contains much information about variants of crosses used in heraldry.
== Lipud ==
<gallery>
ImagePilt: Flag_of_Finland.svg|<center>[[Soome]] lipp
ImagePilt: Flag_of_Switzerland.svg|<center>[[Šveits]]i lipp
ImagePilt: Flag_of_Sweden.svg|<center>[[Rootsi]] lipp
ImagePilt: Flag_of_Slovakia.svg|<center>[[Slovakkia]] lipp
ImagePilt: Flag_of_Georgia.svg|<center>[[Gruusia]] lipp
ImagePilt: Flag_of_Scotland.svg|<center>[[Šoti]] lipp
ImagePilt: Flag_of_the_Red_Cross.svg|<center>[[Punane Rist|Punase Risti]] lipp
ImagePilt:Flag of Australia.svg|[[Austraalia]] lipp
</gallery>
| 